XX 



PLEISTOCENE MAMMALIA. 



In one case there was a pair of unworn sandals, and in a second a funnel for pouring liquids 

 into bottles ; and in all there were vases of different kinds. The cinerary urn rested 

 either on a platform of broken flints or on a Roman tile. From one of the interments I 

 obtained two flint-flakes, which, probably, had been deposited from some superstitious 

 motive. 



From these and many other instances it is clear that the Celtic shorthorn abounded 

 in Great Britain during the Roman occupation, to the exclusion of the larger breed 

 descended from the Urns, while the latter breed had increased to such a degree 

 between the Roman occupation and the tenth or eleventh century that it was recognised 

 by the Welsh themselves as being worth one third more than the small breed which their 

 forefathers had possessed prior to the English invasion. That they were introduced 

 by the English seems to be the only explanation of all the facts of the case, and this 

 view derives additional weight from the opinion of the eminent historian, Mr. Freeman. 1 

 The English invader, he tells us, destroyed, as far as he could, everything that was 

 Celtic and Roman. In the burnt Roman villas and the ruined Roman cities, and in the 

 aversion which the invaders, of eastern Britain, showed to occupying the sites of 

 Roman towns, and which is manifested by the position of their villages, we can 

 recognise the antagonism of the two races, as well as in the destruction of the 

 Roman tongue and the laws and Christianity. It is therefore, on the whole, almost 

 certain that, the Celtic shorthorn was swept away along with the Celts, from all the parts 

 of Britain conquered by the English, or so crossed and altered by the infusion of new 

 blood, that at the present day the type is only to be found in the small dark cattle of 

 Wales and Scotland, or exactly those parts whither their ancient masters fled for refuge. 

 But, whether this be accepted or not, as the evidence stands at present the larger breeds 

 of cattle began to appear in Britain about the same time as the English people, 

 and the Celtic shorthorn began to disappear. The larger breeds must have been 



1 'History of Norman Conquest,' vol. i, chapter 1. 



