1891. | Their Physical Geography and Ethnology. 3 
towards Barkly Pass, then rises again to| Table Mountain and reaches 
an altitude of over 8,000 feet in the Washbank Peak. Westwards 
from here the main range is called the Stormbergen. The secondary 
Range of mountains, called by the Dutch-speaking population by 
the collective name of Zuurbergen, which marks the limit of the 
upper terrace on the coast side, is inferior in height to the Drakens- 
bergen. Its average altitude is 5,000 feet. It is the continuation 
of the range known in the Frontier Districts as Great Winterberg, 
Katberg, Elandsberg, Amatola and Kologha. Proceeding from the 
Indwe in the direction of Natal it is known by the successive names : 
Lubizi, Gumakala, Untonhloni, Gutyeni, Gulindota, Gaka, Baziya, 
Matnana, Umeano, Inziswa, Nolangeni and Ingeli Mountains. 
Between the Kei and Bashee Rivers covering a great portion of 
Fingoland and Idutywa an isolated plateau rises above the first 
terrace and reaches in its highest point an elevation of 3,600 feet ; 
it is cut off from the spurs of the Zuurbergen on the west side 
by the Kei and on the east side by the Umgwali-Bashee. For 
convenience sake we may call it the Mcamakwe Plateau, because 
its highest point is situated near the Ncamakwe Residency in 
_Fingoland. 
Few parts of South Africa are so well watered as Kaffraria 
Proper; it is true the numerous perennial streams which intersect 
it are, strictly speaking, but mountain streams, none of which attain 
comparatively speaking great width or volume of water; they are 
impetuous and swift and hurry much of the highly prized water 
into the ocean, before it can afford any benefit ; still, looked at from 
can African point of view water is plentiful, more abundant, in fact, 
than in any other part south of the Zambesi. We have divided the 
‘territory into three parts or belts according to their elevation. The 
rivers may be divided into three corresponding classes, viz.: Rivers 
which rise : 1, on the main range ; 2, on the Zuurbergen ; 3, below the 
-edge of the last terrace, or into principal, secondary and coast rivers, 
with respective drainage areas of 19,304, 2,780 and 5,026 square 
miles. The principal rivers are represented by the Indwe, Kei, 
Bashee, St. John’s and Umzimkulu. Of the first and last only 
portion of their drainage areas fall within our limits. Considering 
the drainage area and the amount of water carried to the sea the 
St. John’s River ranks chief in order. In consequence of the undu- 
ating nature of the country the rivers of all three classes are 
exceedingly tortuous ; the proportion of the absolute length to the 
