1891.] Their Physical Geography and Ethnology. 1] 
westward, as far as the Indwe-Kei we have the Tembu, divided into 
different sections under separate chiefs. Between the Bashee and Kei, 
there are Fingoland and the Idutywa Reserve. The latter is populated 
by Ndhlambe, Gealeka and Fingoes. Along the coast between Kei 
and Bashee there are various locations made up of remnants of broken-. 
up tribes. Apart from Fingoland the Fingoes occupy many valuable 
locations throughout the Transkeian territories. Under the Drakens-- 
berg there are settlements of Basuto and Hlubies. 
There are very few parts in Kaffraria where the natives are still 
found in their original raw state, uninfluenced by civilization. These 
parts are far away from the ordinary trade routes, such as Gwadiso’s 
Country, Bomvanaland, and the central coast region of Eastern Pondo-- 
land. There the ethnologist may still have an opportunity of 
studying native customs and ways of thinking. In many of their 
regulative arrangements, marital and filial especially, the heathen 
natives, although under the direct influence of civilization, show 
considerable conservatism. The customary relation between husband 
and wife, and between parents and children, has undergone very little 
or no change ; even in cases when natives have become Christians 
these regulative arrangments, though not openly acknowledged, have 
been known toexist. Public and military arrangements suchas former- 
ly existed among all the tribes and now only exist in Pondoland, have 
now been either modified or abolished. Ceremonials, laws of inter~ 
course, are also gradually undergoing change. In their manner of 
building and the kind of food used, the heathen natives have made 
very little change. In clothing, the skin karross has universally 
given way to the woollen blanket. A great improvement exists 
throughout in the manner of cultivating and in the reaping of crops ; 
the number of ploughs used in tie country in the place of the old 
Kafir hoe is enormous. Some influence on the native has been 
exercised by the white man in regard to his esthetic and moral senti- 
ments, knowledge and superstition, and even the language is 
undergoing some change. 
It is impossible within the scope of this paper, which has already 
attained a greater length than the writer had anticipated, to enter 
into a detailed description of the natives in their raw and uninfluenced 
state ; if is a subject which will be better treated in a separate paper 
which the writer proposes to write and which may be looked upon as 
a sequel to this one. 
