12 H. C. Schunke.—WNotes on the Orography and [July 9, 
NOTES ON THE OROGRAPHY AND CLIMATIC CONDI- 
TION OF SOUTH-EASTERN AFRICA AND ON THE 
MIGRATION OF NATIVES. 
By H. C. ScHUNKE. 
[READ 9TH JULY, 1891.] 
Muvucu interest is at the present time taken in that portion of South- 
Eastern Africa which is situated between the South African Republic 
_and Zambesi River. The interest is chiefly political and commercial. 
This Society has no concern with politics, nor can it have anything 
-to do with the commercial enterprises now in progress in those distant 
parts. The only point of interest to this Society is a knowledge of 
the country in the light of the modern science of geography. The 
- land in Southern Africa which is adapted to European colonisation 
is exceedingly limited and much of it is occupied by a dense popula- 
tion of natives ; it is therefore a subject of the utmost importance to us 
to determine what are the real limits of the area healthy to Europeans. 
By colonisation is meant not merely a formation of outstations of 
civilisation such as is found even in the most forbidding parts of 
the globe, for men will now-a-days go anywhere for trade, hunting, 
or in search of minerals, but a settlement of communities such as 
we are accustomed to in the Cape Colony, Natal and the Free State. 
There are three important geographical factors we must consider in 
order to obtain any satisfactory conclusion as to the nature of the 
country and its climate. Geographical position (Latitude), physical 
structures (elevation and distance of lines of equal altitude Wrom 
the sea coast), and position with regard to the ocean. From these 
we may deduce much useful knowledge which may be a guidance and 
prevent disastrous experiments in colonisation. From existing © 
sources of information the writer has gathered some data which give 
some approximate idea of the orography of South-Eastern Africa, 
and has laid the results down on a map, which shows at a glance 
the main elevation of the country from Latitude 33° south to the 
Zambesi River. sa 
Many, no doubt, have a clear notion of the geographical position 
of the country under consideration, but they may not fully realise 
