120 The Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society 
ON SOME HUMAN SKULLS IN THE COLLECTION 
OF THE ALBANY MUSEUM. 
READ MAy 30, 1894. 
By S. ScHONLAND, Hon. M.A. Oxon., Pu.D., F.L.S., ‘Curator oF 
THE ALBANY MUSEUM. 
During the last few weeks the collection of human skulls in the 
Albany Museum has been enriched by some valuable specimens, the 
most noteworthy of which are the skull of a Bushman from Kuruman, 
presented by Dr. J. B. Greathead, Graham’s Town, and a skull found 
in a kitchen midden near the mouth of the Zwartkops River, by 
Mr. J. M. Leslie, F.Z.8., of Port Elizabeth, and presented by its dis- 
coverer. The latter skull, which, in the following notes, will be dis- 
tinguished as the ‘ Zwartkops skull,’ was found during the summer of 
1891, in the sand-hills south of the Zwartkops River mouth, some 
12 feet above high-water mark on the coast of Algoa Bay. The other 
bones belonging to the same skeleton (which had been exposed by 
shifting sand-hills) were found with the skull, but only the latter was 
preserved. In addition to this information, Mr. Leslie writes: ‘The 
principal food-remains were shells, bones of fishes and birds ; also a few 
herbivorous mammalian bones, probably the small gazelle’s.’ 
The same kitchen midden yielded broken pieces of pottery and stone 
implements. Some of these pieces of pottery and a rude stone imple- 
ment (probably an unfinished spear-head) were presented with the 
skull. The former appear to me to belong to the same type as the pots 
ascribed to ‘Strandloopers’ in the South African Museum. Mr. Leslie 
pronounced the Zwartkops skull to have belonged to one of these 
Strandloopers ; and certainly it is only reasonable to conclude that it 
belonged to a race which built up the kitchen midden in which it was 
found ; and its importance will be at once recognised when we consider 
that the stone implements found in the kitchen middens along the coas 
of the Eastern province have been frequently ascribed to Bushmen. I 
may state at once that the Zwartkops skull is, in my. opinion, not 
Bushman ; it may, however, belong to a race forming another side-branch 
of the Koi-Koin.* But I have no wish to be dogmatic in this, or any 
-of the conclusions expressed in the following notes. My chief intention 
* See Fritsch, ‘Die Eingebornen Siid-Afrika’s,’ Breslau, 1872, p. 261. 
