TRANSPORT. 317 



Still from the preceding it is obvious that the most 

 economical animal is the donkey. 



The others in order of merit being probably 

 camel, horse, mule and bullock, elephant and man. 



It is only necessary to compare the possibility of 

 transit by donkeys with that by bullock waggons 

 to see the advantage of the latter form wherever 

 no road-making is necessary. 



20 donkeys can carry 2,000 pounds 

 ,, draw 4,500 ,, 



This difference is so great, and the strain on the 

 animals so much less, that in a country where a 

 possible track can be found, there is no doubt that 

 pack animals should never be employed. 



They are, in fact, simply a makeshift, and should 

 only be employed in extremely difficult and un- 

 promising places. 



For wheeled transport there is no doubt that 

 bullocks are infinitely superior to every other 

 animal. 



Thus it is quite obvious from the preceding 

 account that the essential point in African 

 development is to utilise every mile of waterway. 

 Where no waterways exist then either bullock 

 waggons should be employed if this is possible or, 

 in rare cases, a railway should be built ; the use of 

 pack animals and men being on every reason econo- 

 mically unsound. If men are used, this means an 

 amount of suffering and waste of labour which one 



