198 Transactions of the South African Pliilosopliical Society. 



Between them lie the pair of moderately large frontals. These 

 bones are almost three times as long as they are broad, and are 

 slightly concave both antero-posteriorly and transversely. They 

 form well-marked supraorbital ridges. In front they meet the nasals 

 and prefrontals, and posteriorly the postfrontals and the parietal. 



The prefrontal is an irregular oblong bone which lies between the 

 frontal, the nasal, the maxillary, and the lachrymal, and forms the 

 upper and anterior border of the orbit. 



The lachrymal is considerably shorter than the prefrontal, and 

 fits in between the prefrontal, the maxillary, and the jugal. It 

 has apparently only a single lachrymal canal, well within the 

 orbit. 



The nasals are large bones, being about equal in size to the 

 frontals. They are rather broader in front than behind. Unfor- 

 tunately the region of the anterior nares is damaged in the skull, but 

 most probably the nasals articulated in front with an ascending 

 process from the premaxillaries, as in Lycosaurus and most other 

 Theriodonts. The surface of the bones in the middle region is very 

 irregular and probably supported a horny plate. The nasals are 

 bordered laterally by the premaxillaries, the maxillaries, and the 

 prefrontals. 



The maxillary is a large bone which occupies about three-quarters 

 of the side of the snout. It is divided by a longitudinal ridge into 

 a large upper and a small lower portion. The upper portion 

 resembles the maxillary in ^lurosaurus and other Theriodonts in 

 the way in which the bony structure shows a radiation from a point 

 near the base of the large canine. It has most probably been 

 covered by a horny plate, the longitudinal ridge marking the lower 

 border of the horny covering. Below the ridge lies a portion of the 

 maxillary about one-fifth the size of the upper portion, and whose 

 surface is considerably internal to the general level of the surface of 

 the upper portion. It supports the large canine and the small molar. 

 Probably this portion of the bone, as well as the teeth, was pro- 

 tected by a fleshy lip which was attached to the longitudinal ridge 

 immediately below the horny plate. In front the maxillary to a 

 large extent overlaps the premaxillary, while posteriorly it sends a 

 moderately long process under the jugal. 



The premaxillaries, unfortunately, are rather imperfectly preserved. 

 They appear to be distinct. At the sides they are to a considerable 

 extent overlapped by the maxillaries, but a process which passes 

 backwards between the nasals and the maxillary to a slight extent 

 overlaps the maxillary. A median process formed by the two pre- 

 maxillaries has most probably divided the nares. 



