30 =6Transactions of the South African Philosoplical Society. 
sandstone. Here there are a number of springs issuing from a low 
hill composed of shale, which is partially hidden by loose, wind-blown 
sand. The water is very brack, evidently containing much common: 
salt and alum. From Slangkop to Seeheim the formation is clay- 
stone, with some lime-tufa and blue crystalline dolomite. From 
Seeheim we visited de Naauwte, a spot on the Leeuw River, 
12 miles south-east of Seeheim. Here, where the river passes 
through a poort in a range of dolerite hills, there is a good place for 
a masonry dam. There is a considerable extent of irrigable land 
below the site of the dam, but it is rather sandy and much exposed 
to wind, which blows with considerable force here. 
From de Naauwte we returned to Seeheim, and then journeyed 
to Inachab, a farm on the Koinkiep River, 43 miles west of Seeheim. 
For the first part of the journey the way lies over red sandstone, 
very rough and stony ground, across undulating country. In the 
vicinity of Inachab the soil is more sandy, and good grass veld is met 
with. The farm Inachab is situated in a wide valley, between sand- 
stone hills; the soil is a good marl, but somewhat brack in patches. 
Beneath the sandstone, by the sinking of wells, shale has been 
found to exist, and, making an excursion down the bed of the river 
for some miles, we were able to notice the formation more clearly, 
shale existing below, then red sandstone, and above this a capping 
of dolomite. | 
From Inachab to Bethanien, a distance of 47 miles northwards, 
we continued travelling over sandstone formation, strewn with 
fragments of dolomite, sometimes passing over tracts where the 
dolomite predominated, in the form of large slabs, then again over 
very sandy ground. In the neighbourhood of the Bethanien the 
grass was splendid, and the sheep-fodder bushes surpassed in 
luxuriance any I have ever seen. 
Bethanien, a mission station, is situated in a valley bordering on 
the Koinkiep River. The alluvial soil is a sandy loam. ‘The 
occurrence of dolomite is extensive here, and a plentiful water- 
supply is obtained from springs issuing from limestone conglomerate 
underlying the dolomite. This water-supply suffices for the 
domestic requirements of the inhabitants, and also for the irrigation 
of a large extent of arable land which was under cultivation at the 
time of our visit. 
Bethanien is one of the oldest mission stations in Great Namaqua- 
land. It lies 2,800 feet above sea-level. The journey from 
Keetmanshoop, including detention at the places we visited, 
occupied fourteen days, the distance travelled being 125 miles. 
From Bethanien we journeyed northwards to Grootfontein, the 
