Notes on the Dwyka Coal Measures at Vereeniging, Transvaal. 7 
at every 2 or 3 feet are joints and bud-marks. Above are more 
shales, &c., very carbonaceous as a rule. 
In the coal seam Mr. Leslie found a stem about 7 inches through 
standing vertically in the coal and probably where it grew. 
The coal from this seam is said to run about 15 per cent. ash. 
Near the Cornelia shaft in No. 10 bore on the south side of the 
rivers the section gives a thickness of 58 feet of coal, though some 
of the seams are of inferior quality. 
The Stormberg coal seams present quite a contrast to the seams 
worked at the northern end of the Dwyka coal measures. The former 
are lean, the compound seams seldom exceeding 6 feet of coal, and 
the ash exceeds 20 per cent. In the Vereeniging, Middleburg, and 
South Rand coal-fields the coal seams range from 6 feet up to 
60 feet, representing a mass of vegetation hundreds of feet in thick- 
ness; and this implies an exuberant growth of plants of a phenomenal 
character, and the percentage of ash of these coals never reaches 
20 per cent. 
The Stormberg coal seams occur at an horizon above the Karoo 
Beds and the Ecca Beds, the whole thickness of which intervene 
between the Stormberg coal seams and the underlying Dwyka coal 
seams. This represents a vast epoch in time, and in consequence 
the flora is very distinct in the coal measures of the one horizon 
from those in the other. | 
FOSSILS. 
My. Leslie, of Vereeniging, who very kindly allowed me to examine 
his collection of fossils, and who showed me over the various 
localities, takes a keen interest in the fossils from a buff-coloured 
sandstone that occurs higher up in the series than the carbonaceous 
shales; here he obtained Ncegerathiopsis Hislopi (found also at 
Kimberley), Myiston cyclopteroides, two or three species of 
Glossopteris, Phyllotheca, Sigillaria Brardi, Calamites, &c. Mr. 
Sawyer at the Rand coal-field has obtained Sigillaria Brardi right 
in the coal itself. The above fossils are all to be seen in the 
Geological Society’s collection at Johannesburg, Mr. Draper 
having secured some excellent examples. 
None of the above fossils have been noticed in the Stormberg 
coal measures where the prevalent forms are Pecopteris, Thinnfeldia 
odontopteroides, Podozamites elongatus, Tzniopteris Daintreei, 
Baiera Schencki, Equisetacew, &c., and the very characteristic 
ferns with bifurcated stems. These fossils so characteristic at the 
Stormberg are not met with at Vereeniging. 
Messrs. Seward and Zeiller, from an examination of the fossil 
