218 Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society. 
many places in the Colony does not seem to be distinguished from it 
by any specific name. It differs, however, from this fish in having 
a Slightly different shape and in having two of the front teeth some- 
what protruding from the mouth. As the name is chiefly used by 
the Malay fishermen, and no other derivation has been suggested, 
it seems probable that it may have been originally a Malay name; 
and there is some confirmation of this. Valentyn in his ‘‘ Old and 
New East Indies” mentions a fish which the natives called Ikan 
Pangerang or Pangarang (literally, prince) which seems to bear 
some resemblance to the Cape Panga, more especially in its having 
the protruding teeth. I have some confidence, therefore, in offering 
this explanation of the name. 
An interesting analogous derivation is to be found in the name 
“Snapper,” applied in East London to the Red Stumpnose. This 
name is applied in Australia to a fish not unlike it, and the origin of 
the word is doubtless to be found in the English Colonies, just as 
Panga is to be traced to the early Dutch Hast Indies. 
There seems to be no trace of the early French settlers, except 
perhaps the name “Carpelle,’ which J am informed by Mr. 
Péringuey 1s sometimes used in Stellenbosch district for the Dutch 
‘“« Karper’”’ (Spirobranchus capensis). 
Summing up, therefore, the names in this section borrowed 
from known fish we have 23 Dutch, 15 English, 2 Cosmo- 
politan, 1 Indian, 1 French, and 1 Australian, representing 27 
different species. Of these only two are identical with the forms 
after which they were named. These are the Dutch Stock-fish, 
(English Hake) and the Dutch Maasbanker (Hnglish Horse 
Mackerel). Another fish, the Dutch Omber-visch (English Maigre), 
occurred in South Africa, but was not recognised, and the name 
of another European fish (Kabeljaauw) given to it. The other 
names were given on account of more or less resemblance to their 
namesakes. 3 
2. Names derived from resemblance to persons, animals, or things. 
Wherever the Dutch settlers could find any resemblance, even a 
remote one, to the fishes of the Fatherland they did not hesitate to 
apply the known name rather than invent a new one or accept the 
one already in existence. 
It is difficult, however, to discover many such resemblances, and 
other names had to be found. It is noteworthy that here again the 
tendency to think of and describe the unfamiliar by the familiar is 
forcibly illustrated, for the majority of the remaining names are 
