Recent Botanical and Zoological Papers. ak 816i 
months the withered leaves of the food plant turn dark-brown 
or black, instead of yellow as in the winter, so that the gilded 
form or the dull brownish black one is well adapted to its. 
surroundings, looking like a bit of shrivelled leaf. In one case, 
the wet season form was bred from a golden pupa, but no. 
typical P. sesamus has as yet been reared from the dark form. ) 
The differences between the seasonal forms of the imago are not. 
confined to shape and colour alone, but there is hkewise a very 
appreciable divergence in habits, of which Mr. Marshall gives. 
an interesting account. 
In considering the reasons for seasonal dimorphism, the 
author concludes that the climatic one is the directly exciting 
cause; but while in Hurope the dimorphic tendency seems to: 
be brought into action by heat and cold, and humidity has no 
part in it, so far as South Africa is concerned, the author is. 
strongly of opinion that the exact converse is the case, and that. 
there is ‘strong prumd facie evidence that humidity and not. 
temperature is the exciting agent of dimorphism in this part of 
the world.”’ 
WarREN, W. New Drepanulide, Thyridide, and Geometride from 
the Aithiopian Region. Novitates Zoologice, vol. 6, 1899, 
pp. 287-313. 
Contains the description of 6 new South African Species. 
WaRREN, W. New Genera and Species of Thyridide and Geo-. 
metrid@ from Africa. Novit. Zoolog., vol. 7, 1900, pp. 90-98. 
Contains the description of 9 South African Geometrid Moths. | 
DIPTERA. 
Ricarpo, Miss Gertrupe. Notes on the Pangonine of the Family 
Tabamde of the British Museum Collection. Annals and 
Magazine of Natural History, vol. v., 7th series, 1900, pp. 97— 
121 and 167-182, with 1 plate. 
The paper embodies the results of an attempt to rearrange the 
specimens of Pangonine in the British Museum, dealing, so far, | 
with Pangonia, Latreille and its allied genera. Several South | 
African species are noticed, and 2 new ones described and 
figured. . | 
