266 Transactions of the SoutJi African Philosophical Society. 



and inferior margin is rounded." If the articular condyle is as thus 

 described Seeley would be right in concluding that its form "in- 

 dicates a difference from Dicynodontia and all other Anomodontia 

 hitherto described." I am, however, inclined to fancy that much, 

 if not the whole of the articular, is lost from Seeley's specimen, 

 and that the articular region did not differ greatly from that in 

 Oudenodon. 



The atlas vertebra is as in the Theriodonts and most probably 

 also the Dicynodonts, composed of an arch above and a well- 

 developed inferior element. Owing to the difficulty of satisfactorily 

 removing the matrix it is impossible to give a full description of 

 this and the other vertebrae, but sufficient is displayed to reveal the 

 principal characters. The two halves of the arch appear to be 

 anchylosed and form a short spine. The lower portion of the arch 

 which articulates with the occipital condyle is strongly developed. 

 The articular surface appears to look forwards and a little inwards 

 and to be slightly concave. The two articular surfaces are about 

 10 mm. apart. From the region of the articulation there passes 

 backwards and slightly outwards a strong transverse process or rib. 

 There is no indication of the process being an autogenous element, 

 and in the absence of evidence it may perhaps be safer to regard it 

 as simply a transverse process. Whether there may have been 

 a rib beyond the process the evidence does not show, but it seems 

 improbable. The inferior element is somewhat similar in appearance 

 to the intercentra of the Stegocephalians. It has in front an articular 

 surface which appears to be concave in the vertical direction. It 

 has also an articular surface behind for the odontoid process. 

 Above the arch of the atlas is a well-developed pro-atlas. It is 

 formed as in the Theriodonts and Anomodonts of two portions. 

 Each portion has a distinct zygomatic process for articulation with 

 the arch of the atlas. 



The axis is moderately large. As in mammals and most reptiles 

 it is composed of a normally constructed vertebra with the centrum 

 of the atlas united with it as the odontoid process. The odontoid 

 process, though evidently firmly united with the body proper of the 

 axis, is probably not completely anchylosed with it, as there is a 

 very distinct groove dividing the two elements. Only the posterior 

 part of the odontoid process is displayed. It has a distinct articular 

 surface for the inferior element of the atlas, and is at the posterior 

 part only a little narrower than the body proper of the axis. The 

 body of the axis has on either side and towards the posterior half of 

 the body two deep furrows which approach but do not meet each 

 other at the middle line below. The body is concave behind, On 



