BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY. 



1. 1699 Luiditts [Lhwyd], E. Litliophylacii Britannici Ichuographia. 



In this, one of the earliest works in which the fossil remains of this country 

 are noticed, the Sponges are placed nnder the common term Alcyonium, and 

 included in the second class of Lapides corallini. Most of the forms referred 

 to and figured are Calcisponges from Faringdon in Berkshire. One of the 

 commoner examples is stated to be mineral cartilage. 



2. 1705 Plot, R. Natural History of Oxfordshire. 



It is doubtful whether the forms represented as Fungitesor Tuberoides are 

 in reality Sponges or merely nodular flints from the Chalk. 



3. 1708 Baer, J. J. Oryctographia Norica. 



The fossil Sponges are referred to Alcyonia or Fungi. In the Supplement, 

 published in 1730, very good figures are given of several species of Jurassic 

 Sponges, which are placed in the family of the Fungitge as marine fungi or 

 Alcyonia. In a second Supplement, brought out in 1757 by the son of the 

 original author, fresh examples of Jurassic lithistid and hexactinellid Sponges 

 are figured and referred to the same groups. They are believed to be, together 

 with other fossils, the relics of a common deluge. 



4. 1708 Langius, C. N. Historia lapidum figuratorum Helvetioe, ejusque vicinia3. 



The Sponges figured and mentioned are from Jurassic strata, and they arc 

 regarded as either fossil plants or fruits. The former, styled fungi, are placed 

 under four species, and one of the latter is named Alcyonia tuberosa. 



5. 1740 Scheuchzer, J. J. Sciagraphia lithologica curiosa. 



Fossil Sponges are named Alcyonia and described as marine fungi. 



6. 1742 Boukget, L., et Caetiee, P. Traite des Petrifications. 



The Sponges figured are mostly the commoner forms of lithistids 

 and hexactinellids from the Jurassic strata of Switzerland. They are 

 stated to be marine plants and named ' Champignons de mer,' or ' Fruits de 

 coralloide.' 



7. 1751 Guettaed, J. E. Memoire sur quelques corps fossiles peu connus (Mem. 



de VAcademie Royale des Sciences). 

 Denies that the fig-shaped bodies (Siphonia), of which numerous specitaens 

 are figured, have any relation to figs or other fruits, but states that they are 

 Sponges, differing in form only from ordinary ones. Vasiform and cup- 

 shaped Sponges are regarded as possessing more affinity to Madrepores than to 

 Sponges. 



