BIBLIOGRAPHY. 9 



39. 1842 Bowerbank, J. S. On the Siliceous Bodies of the Chalk, Greensands, 



and Oolites (Trans. Geol. Soc, Lond., 2 S., vol. vi, pp. 181—194). 

 Regards the flints of the Chalk and the chert in the Greensand and Oolites 

 as Sponges which have been filled in with silica, attracted by the animal matter 

 of the Sponge, and not by the presence of the spicules. 



40. 1843 Klipstein, E. Beitrage zur geologischen Kenntniss der oestlichen Alpen. 



The Sponges are mostly calcisponges from the St. Cassian beds, which are 

 placed in the same genera as those previously described by Count Munster. 

 They are regarded as coral-polyps with a structure of reticulate fibres. 



41. 1843 Geinitz, H. B. Die Versteinerungen von Kieslingswalda. 



New species of hexactinellids, lithistids, and probably of calcisponges from 

 the lower Planer of Plauen are placed under Cnemidium, Tragos, and Manon. 



42. 1843 Quenstedt, F. A. Das Floetzgebirge Wurttembergs. 



The Sponges from the limestone strata of the Middle White Jura, which, 

 for the most part, had been already figured by Goldfuss, are here described in 

 greater detail. The lattice-like, " gitterformig," structure of many hexacti- 

 nellids is recognised, but such forms are nevertheless included with lithistids 

 and calcisponges in the undefined genus Spongites. Other lithistids are placed 

 under Cnemidium and Tragos. 



43. 1843 Portlock, J. E. Report on the Geology of Londonderry. 



Various species of Cretaceous hexactinellid and lithistid Sponges are placed 

 in the genera Ac) 'tilleum, Ventriculites, Scyphia, Coscinopora, and Siphonia. A 

 bundle of spicular rods forming the anchoring rope of a hexactinellid Sponge 

 is described as a species of Serpida. 



44. 1845 Redss, A. E. Die Versteinerungen der bohmischen Kreideformation. 



The Sponges are placed under Amorphozoa. The author states that the 

 genera recognised by Goldfuss are without practical value, and yet he does 

 not discard them. Good detailed descriptions and figures are given of the 

 various species so far as their form and canal-structures are concerned, but no 

 special importance is given to their spicular structures, which are described 

 as a mesh work of reticulate fibres. The species are nearly entirely of lithistid 

 and hexactinellid Sponges. The genus Plocoscyphia is defined. 



45. 1846 D'Archiac. Description des Fossiles des environs de Bayonne (Mem. 



de la Soc. Geol. de France, S. 2, T. 2, p. 197, PI. V, fig. 15 a; PI. 

 VIII, figs. 5—7). 

 Describes as a new species, Guettardia Thiolati, stated to be derived from 

 Tertiary strata at Biarritz. 



