12 BRITISH FOSSIL SPONGES. 



57. 1851 Morris, J. Palseontological Notes (Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 2nd 



ser., vol. 8, p. 88). 

 Refers to the cavities, now infilled with silica, in Cretaceous Inocerami and 

 Belemnitella, and regards them as produced by the borings of Sponges, like 

 Cliona. 



58. 1852 Wetherell, N. T. Note on a New Species of Clionites (Ann. and Mag. 



Nat. Hist., 2nd ser., vol. x, p. 354, PL 5, figs. 1, 2). 

 Describes small oval infillings in the shell of Inoceramus, which, however, 

 do not appear to have any relation to boring Sponges. 



59. 1852 Giebel, E. G-. Deutschlands Petrefacten. 



The Sponges are placed under Amorphozoa. References are given to the 

 description, geological position, and place of occurrence of 148 species from 

 the strata of Germany. 



CO. 1852 Quenstedt, F. A. Handbuch der Petrefaktenkunde. 



References are made to most of the Jurassic species of Sponges described 

 by Goldf uss, as well as to Ventriculites and Siphonia. The external characters 

 and canal structures are described in detail. The similarity of the skeleton 

 of some of the Jurassic Sponges to that of Ventriculites is recognised, as well 

 as the resemblance of detached fossil Sponge spicules to those of existing 

 Sponges. Fossil Sponges generally are stated to consist of interwoven fibres, 

 between which calcareous or siliceous spicules occur, but the spicular nature 

 of the fibre itself is not noticed. 



(31. 1852 D'Orbigny, A. Cours elementaire de Paleontologie. 



Sponges are placed in the group Amorphozoaires of Blainville, their 

 skeletons are stated to be either " corne " or " testace," fibreux " or " poreux." 

 The author denies that fossil Sponges ever possessed a horny skeleton, like 

 many living forms, but states that they were always calcareous and stony. 

 Sponges generally are placed in two groups ; those with horny skeletons, of 

 which the only fossil representatives are species of Cliona, and those with 

 stony (testace) skeletons, which are exclusively fossil, and no longer exist. 

 For these latter the following families are proposed: — (1) Ocellarida ; (2) 

 Siphonida ; (3) Lymnoreida; (4) Sparsispongida, and (5) Amorphospongida. 

 The skeletal characters are referred to in a general manner as filamentous 

 tissues, and no distinction is made between siliceous sponges and calcisponges. 

 Numerous new genera are introduced, but their characters are too indefinite 

 to possess any value. 



