BIBLIOGRAPHY. 15 



Jurassic strata of St. Claude is described and the presence of canals in the 

 axes of the spicules is noted, and their resemblance to the Ventriculites of 

 Toulmin Smith is pointed out. This siliceous skeleton is stated to correspond 

 to the horny skeleton of living Sponges, and cannot be compared to the 

 spicules of existing forms. 



74. 1860 D'Eichwald, B. Lethsea Rossica, vol. i, p. 325. 



Describes species of Scyphia, Siphonia, Thoosa, and of several other 

 genera, but judging from the characters and the figures it is very doubtful 

 if any of the forms are genuine Sponges. 



75. 1860 Roemee, Feed. Die Silurische Fauna des westlichen Tennessee. 



Describes in greater detail than hitherto various species of Astylospongia, 

 also proposes the genus Palceomanon for cup-shaped Sponges with the same 

 spicular structure as Astylospongia. Astrceospongia is regarded as a Calci- 

 sponge. 



76. 1861 Owen, R. Palaeontology, pp. 5—8. 



Sponges are placed under the class Amorphozoa and brief reference is 

 made to their distribution in British strata. Calcareous Sponges are stated 

 to abound in the Oolitic and Cretaceous strata, attaining their maximum 

 development in the Chalk. No reference is made to the structure of Ventricu- 

 lites or of Ouettardia. Siphonia and the allied genera, grouped together as 

 Petrospongiadas, are stated to possess a stony reticulated frame without spicules 

 and to have passed away with the Secondary epoch. 



77. 1861 Geinitz, H. B. Die animalischen Uebereste der Dyas, pp. 123, 124, 



PL XX. 

 Refers to two species of Spongia some fossils of doubtful character, and 

 copies the descriptions given by King of the reputed Sponges from the 

 English Permian. 



78. 1861 Couetillee, A. Eponges fossiles des Sables du Terrain Cretace superieur 



des environs de Saumur (Ann. de la Soc. Linn, de Maine-et-Loire, 

 4 e vol., pp. 1—26, Pis. I— XL). 

 Numerous species are described and referred to various genera. Only 

 their superficial characters are noticed, and the species have thus little, if any, 

 value. 



79. 1861 Roemee, Feed. Die fossile Fauna der silurischen Diluvial-Geschiebe von 



Sadewitz. 

 Several new species of Astylospongia are described ; the spicular structure 

 of the genus is stated to consist of very regular six-rayed, star-shaped bodies, 

 so united together that the rays of one star are intimately united with those 



