16 BRITISH FOSSIL SPONGES. 



of the proximately adjoining stars. The genus Aulocopium, Oswald, is further 

 denned, and several new species included therein ; its intimate structure is 

 stated to be a fibrous tissue. A fresh species of Astrceospongia is also described. 



80. 1861 Salter, J. W. Mem. Geol. Surv. of Great Britain; 32, Scotland, p. 135, 



PI. II, figs. 3, 3 a. 

 Describes and figures Amphispongia oblonga from the Silurian of the 

 Pentland Hills, as a calcisponge allied to Grantia. 



81. 1861 Loeiol, P. de. Description des animaux invertebres contenus dans 



l'etage Neocomien moyen du Mont Saleve. 

 Numerous species of Sponges are described and figured, only their external 

 characters are referred to, and the classification of Fromentelis adopted. The 

 forms are evidently calcisponges for the most part, with one or two species 

 of hexactinellids. 



82. 1862 1 Griffith and M'Coy. A Synopsis of the Silurian Fossils of Ireland. 



A single Sponge is described under the name of Acanthospongia Siluriensis. 

 The spicules are stated to be of the shape of the letter X, and to possess six 

 rays. No figure is given. 



83. 1863 Hall, J. Observations upon the genera Uphantainia and Dictyophyton 



(Sixteenth Annual Report of the New York State Museum of Natural 



History, p. 84, Pis. hi — v, v a). 

 These fossils, now regarded as Sponges, are described as Alga3 of a 

 peculiar form and mode of growth. Numerous species are figured and 

 referred to. 



84. 1863 Hall, J. Note on the Occurrence of Astylospongla in the Lower 



Helclerberg Rocks (Sixteenth Annual Report of the Neiv York State 



Cabinet, p. 69). 

 A globose body is described under the name of Astylospongla inornata, 

 but there is no account of its internal structure, and it is probably wrongly 

 referred to this genus. 



85. 1804 Roemer, F. A. Die Spongitarien des norddeutschen Kreidegebirges 



(Palceontographica, Bd. xiii, pp. 1 — 63, Pis. I — XIX). 

 In this important work the artificial systems of classification of D'Orbigny 

 and Fromentel are adopted, with the result of uniting into the same group 

 Sponges whose structures are very distinct. The tissue of fossil Sponges is 

 regarded as either lattice-like or vermiculate. The former is stated to consist 

 of very thin, smooth, siliceous rods, which grow together so as to make a 

 lattice-like web, with octahedral nodes. The vermiculate fibres may be either 

 siliceous or calcareous ; in the former case the structure resembles the lattice- 

 1 The date on the title-page of this book is 1846, but it was not published and sold until 1862. 



