18 BRITISH FOSSIL SPONGES. 



93. 1866 Suess, E. On the existence of Hyalonema in a Fossil State (Ann. and 



Mag. Nat. Hist., 3 S., vol. 18, p. 404). 

 States that the Serpula parallela of the Yorkshire Mountain-Limestone is 

 a true glass-rope, and that it should be named Hyalonema parallelum. 



94. 1867 Marsh, 0. C. Notice of a New Genus of Fossil Sponges from the Lower 



Silurian (Amer. Journ. Sci., S. 2, vol. 44, p. 88). 

 Describes the genus Brachiospongia, but its minute structure is not 

 stated. 



95. 1867 Reuss, A. B. Die Bryozoen, Anthozoen, und Spongarien des Braunen 



Jura von Balin bei Krakau (Denies, d. h. Ahad. d. Wlss. Wien, 

 Bd. 27). 

 Five species, apparently all calcisponges, are recorded, two of them, Jerea 

 biceps and Siphonoccelia gregaria as new forms. 



96. 1867 Rosen, Baron von. Ueber die Natur der Stromatoporen, und iiber die 



Ei'haltung der Hornfaser der Spongien im fossilen Zustande. 

 This work more particularly treats of forms of Stromatopora, which are 

 regarded as fossilized horny Sponges. These bodies are compared with 

 genuine hexactinellid and lithistid Sponges from the Chalk of Saratow, which 

 are believed to have had originally skeletons of a horny nature. The silicified 

 Sponges are stated to be produced by the change of horny fibre into silica. 



97. 1868 Fischer, M. P. Recherches sur les Eponges perforantes fossiles 



(Nouv. Archiv. du Mus. d'Histoire Naturelle, pp. 117 — 172, Pis. 



XXIV— XXX). 

 Sketches the history of these bodies, and describes and figures the known 

 forms. States that Entobia antiqua, Portlock, is most probably a Bryozoan, 

 and doubts that Vioa prisca, M'Coy, is due to a boring Sponge. 



98. 1868 Loriol, P. de. Monographic des Couches de l'Etage Valangien des 



carrieres d'Arzier (Materianx pour la paleontologie Suisse, par 



Pictet). 

 The forms described, judging from the figures, are all calcisponges. Only 

 their superficial characters are referred to, and they are ranged according to 

 the classification of Fromentel. 



99. 1868 KosTYTSCHEF,A.,undMARCGRAF,0. Ueber die Chemische Zusammensetzung 



der in dem Apatitsandstein der russischen Kreideformation vorkom- 

 menden versteinerten Schwamme {Bull, de V Acad, de St. -Peter sb., 

 vol. xiii, pp. 19, 20, 1869). 

 No reference is given to the kinds of Sponges which were analysed ; the 

 specimens consisted principally of phosphate of lime, of a similar composi- 

 tion to the fossilised wood and bones in the same deposit. 



