BIBLIOGRAPHY. 29 



155. 1878 Sollas, W. J. On the Structure and Affinities of the Genus Catagma 



{Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., S. 5, vol. 2, pp. 353—364, PI. XIV). 

 Describes the minute structure of some fibrous calcisponges from the Lower 

 Greensand of Faringdon, which is stated to consist of two kinds of spicules, 

 one kind uniaxial, arranged longitudinally in the exterior third of the fibre, the 

 other kind multiradiate (three- or four-rayed), three of the rays occupying the 

 interior or core of the fibre, the fourth directed outwardly and echinating the 

 exterior of the fibre. The Sponges, in opposition to the views of Zittel, are 

 regarded as siliceous, and placed as a new sub-family, the Catagmida, in the 

 order Bhaplddonemata, Carter. 



156. 1878 Trautschold. Ueber Camerospongia Auerbachi, Eichwald (Zeitschr. 



d. deutsch. Geol. Gesell, Bd. 30, pp. 225—228, PI. IX). 

 Shows that this Sponge properly belongs to the genus Coeloptychium, 

 Goldf. 



157. 1878 Carter, H. J. Emendatory description of Purisiphonia Clarhei, 



Bowerb., a Hexactinellid Fossil Sponge from N. W. Australia (Ann. 

 and Mag. Nat. Hist., S. 5, vol. i, p. 376). 

 Gives details of the structure and of the form of the flesh-spicules. 



158. 1878 Bigsby, J. J. Thesaurus Devonico-Carboniferus. 



Under Amorphozoa there are twenty-five species enumerated, but not more 

 than five or six of these are true fossil Sponges. 



159. 1878 Martin, K. Niederlaandische und nordwest-deutsche Sedimentasr- 



Geschiebe, pp. 63—68, PI. I. 

 Describes a new species, Aulocopium variabile, and as a new genus and 

 species Silurispongia conus, but the spicular structure of this form is unknown, 

 and the generic characters are, therefore, of little value. 



160. 1878 Wallace, S. On the Geodes of the Keokuk Formation (American Journ. 



Science, S. 3, vol. xv, pp. 366—370). 

 These bodies are believed to be Sponges, and formed into a new genus, 

 named Biopalla, including numerous species. No figures are given, and the 

 evidence brought forward is altogether insufficient to establish their alleged 

 origin. 



161. 1878 Etheridge, R., Junr. Palaeontological Notes (Geol. Mag., Dec, ii, vol. 



V, p. 119). 

 Records fresh localities in the East of Scotland where the anchoring rope 

 of Hyalonema parallelam = Hyalostelia SmitMi, Young and Young occurs, and 

 notices a more delicate form, proposed to be named H. Youngi, but which is 

 probably the true H. parallelum, of M'Coy. 



