36 BRITISH FOSSIL SPONGES. 



proved. Regards Protospongia and Dictyophyton as belonging to dictyonine 

 hexactinellids. 



196. 1882 Munier-Chalmas. Barroisia, n. g. des Eponges (Bulletin Soc. Geol. de 



France, S. 3, vol. x, p. 425). 

 Proposes this name for what he states is the Tubipora anastomosans, Mant. 

 No other characters, but those of the outer form, are given, and there is no 

 reference to the description of T. anastomosans. 



197. 1882 Manzoni, A. La struttura microscopica delle Spugne silicee del Mioceni 



medio di Bologna e di Modena, pp. 1 — 24, Pis. I — VII. 

 Describes in detail the condition of preservation, and the structural 

 characters of several species of hexactinellid and lithistid Sponges, which are 

 placed under Zittel's classification. The forms are well illustrated. 



198. 1882 Dunikowski, E. Die Spongien der unterliassischen Schichten von 



Schafberg bei Salzberg (Denies, d. k. Alcad. der Wiss. Wien, Bd. 



45, pp. 163—194, Pis. I— IV). 

 Describes and refers to different genera numerous detached spicules of 

 monactinellid, tetractinellid, and lithistid Sponges, as well as portions of hexac- 

 tinellid meshwork, which occur, heterogenously mingled together, in cherty 

 limestones of Lower-Lias age. 



199. 1883 Keeping, W. The Fossils of the Neocomian Deposits of Upware and 



Brickhill. 

 Amongst these are twelve species of Sponges ; one is referred to Ploco- 

 scypliia, and the others belong to the family Pharetrones. The author does 

 not express a decided opinion as to the nature of these latter, though he rather 

 favours the opinion of Prof. Sollas that they are siliceous Sponges which 

 have been replaced by calcite. 



200. 1883 Klemm, E. Ueber alte und neue Ramispongien und andere verwandte 



Schwammformen aus der Greislinger (legend (Jahreshft. Ver.f. vaterl. 



Naturlc. Wurttemb., vol. xxxix, pp. 243 — 308). 



Describes numerous Sponges from the White Jura which are all included 



in the undefined genus Ramispongia, Quenst. They are stated to be mostly 



hexactinellids. The specific characters are based on outer form and are 



apparently of little scientific value. No figures given. 



201. 1883 Dunikowski, E. Die Pharetronen aus dem Cenoman von Essen, und 



die Systematischen Stellung der Pharetronen (Palceontographica, 

 Bd. 29, pp. 283—323, Pis. XXXVII— XL). 

 Describes in detail the spicular structures and other characters of these 

 forms, and concludes that not only are they fossil calcisponges, but that their 



