BIBLIOGRAPHY. 39 



Tremacystia, Inobolia, Trachysinia, Diaplectia, and Bhaphidonema. The author 

 maintains the view of Zittel that the Pharetrones are a distinct family from 

 the existing Leucones, and regards their fibrous structures as original, and 

 not, as stated by Dunikowski, produced merely by fossilization. 



211. 1883 Sollas, W. J. Descriptions of Fossil Sponges from the Inferior Oolite, 



with a notice of some from the Great Oolite (Quart. Journ. Geol. 



Soc, vol. xxxix, pp. 541—554, Pis. XX, XXI). 



Describes as new genera of hexactinellid Sponges, Emploca, Mastodictyum, 



Plectospyris, and Galathiscus, also a new species Leptophragma fragile. Anew 



species of lithistid, Platychonia elegans, and several species of Pharetrones, as 



well as a new genus Thamnonema, are also described. 



212. 1883-84 Pouta, P. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Spongien der bohmischen 



Kreideformation. I Ab., Hexactinellidas, sep. cop., pp. 1 — 42, PI. 3 ; 

 II Ab., Lithistidas, sep. cop., pp. 1 — 45, 2 Pis. (Abhandlung. der 

 Konigl. bohm. Gesell. der Wiss., vi Folge, 12 Bd.). 

 These memoirs give the results of a thorough investigation into the 

 minute structures and other characters of the Sponges from the Cretaceous 

 strata of Bohemia, the superficial characters of many of which had already 

 appeared in the works of Reuss. Zittel's classification is adopted. In addi- 

 tion to many new species of existing genera, the following new genera of 

 hexactinellids are proposed : Petalope, Synaulia, Lopanella, Botroclonium, and 

 Cyrtobolia. The only new genus of lithistids is named Paropsites. Figures are 

 given of the new forms and of their spicular structures. 



213. 1883 Pocta, P. Einige Bemerkungen fiber das Gitterskelet der fossilen 



Hexactinelliden (Sitzungsb. der Konigl. bohm. Gesells. der Wiss. Prag. 

 Jahrg. 1882, p. 378). 

 Gives a detailed description of the spicular structure of this group of 

 Sponges, and of its modifications in different genera. 



214. 1884 Dunikowski, E. Ueber Permo-Carbon. Schwamme von Spitzbergen 



(Kongl. Svenska. Vetensk. Akad. Handl., Bd. 21, sep. cop., pp. 

 1—18, PI. LII). 

 The Sponges are stated to be of a fibrous character, and the fibres are 

 composed of monactinellid spicules. They are placed in a new genus, 

 Pemmatites, and divided into four species and varieties. Their state of pre- 

 servation is so unfavorable that there is room for doubting whether their 

 true characters have been ascertained. 



215. 1884 Zittel, K. A. Ueber Astylospongidaa und Anomocladina (Neues Jahrb. 



f. Mi7i., Bd. ii, pp. 75—80, Pis. I, II. 

 From further study the author sees reason to alter his former views 



