BIBLIOGRAPHY. 41 



following genera are proposed ; their characters are mainly based on the 

 external form of the bodies; Oyathophycus, Dictyophyton, Ectenodictya, 

 Lyrodictya, Thamnodictya, Phragmodictya, Gleodictya, Physospongia, and 

 Uphantania. 



220. 1884 Hoernes, R. Elemente der Palasontologie. 



Fossil Sponges are placed under Coelenterata. The classification and 

 descriptions of Zittel are closely followed, and the figures are likewise nearly 

 all borrowed from the works of the same author. 



221. 1884 Carter, H. J. On the Spongia coriacea of Montagu = Leucosolenia 



coriacea, Bowk., together with a new variety of Leucosolenia lacunosa, 



Bowk., elucidating the spicular structure of some of the Fossil 



Calcispongise, followed by illustrations of the pinlike spicules on 



Verticlllites helvetica, De Loriol {Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., vol. xiv, 



pp. 17—29, PI. I). 



Describes the stem of Leucosolenia lacunosa, var. Hillieri, as solid and 



formed of central triradiates with an outer layer of minute vermiform trira- 



diate spicules, similar to those of many fossil Pharetrones. 



222. 1885 Pouta, P. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Spongien der bohm. Kreide- 



formation. Ill Abtheil., Tetractinellidae, Monactinellidse, Calcispongias, 

 Ceratospongise, Nachtrag {Abhandl. der h. bohm. Gesells. der Wissen., 

 vii Folge, 1 Band, sep. cop., pp. 1 — 40, PI. I). 

 Numerous forms of detached spicules belonging to the two first-named 

 orders are described ; they resemble closely those occurring in strata of the 

 same age in England and Germany. Many new species of calcisponges are 

 described, but in most instances the microscopical structure cannot be recog- 

 nised. A new genus Parenia is also proposed. The author opposes the view 

 of Dunikowski respecting the secondary origin of the fibres in the family 

 Pharetrones. Reference is made to casts of branching cylindrical bodies, sup- 

 posed to be Ceratospongice, but there are no evidences of organic structure in 

 them to support the theory. 



223. 1885 Schluter, C. Ein schon langer bekannte Spongie des rheinischen 



Devon {Sitzungsber. der niederrh. Gesells. in Bonn, p. 151). 

 Constitutes a new genus Octacium, for detached eight-rayed spicules hitherto 

 included under Astraospongia. 



224. 1885 Quenstedt, F. A. Handbuch der Petrefaktenkunde, 3rd Ed. 



Sponges are treated in the same desultory manner as in the ' Petrefakten 

 Deutschlands ' of the same author ; no definite classification is introduced ; 

 and they are for the most part ranged in the obsolete genera of Goklfuss and 



F 



