CERVUS VERTICORNIS. 29 



The strata in which they are found clearly underlie the Glacial deposits in the cliffs, and 

 belong to the early division of the Pleistocene formation. The Cervus verticornis there- 

 fore inhabited the valley of the North Sea before the submergence of the British area 

 beneath the berg-laden Glacial sea. It is not found either in the Mid-Pleistocene or in 

 the Late Pleistocene strata, and probably became extinct during the geographical and 

 climatical changes which took place at the close of the Early Pleistocene age. Hitherto 

 I have sought for it in vain in the museums of France and Italy, and its range in 

 space, so far as it is known, is restricted to Norfolk and Suffolk. Its range in time is, 

 however, extended backwards into the Pleiocene by an antler in the British Museum 

 (PI. VI, fig. 3), obtained by Mr. Charlesworth from the Red Crag of Trimley near 

 Felixstowe, and identified by me as belonging to this species in 1874. The associated 

 Mammalia in the same deposit are Mastodon arvernensis, and an elephant identified by 

 Dr. Leith Adams with Elephas antiquus} It is therefore a Pleiocene deer which survived 

 into the early Pleistocene age. 



1 Collected by Dr. Reed, and preserved in the museum at York. See ' Monograph on Fossil 

 Elephants,' pi. xxvi, figs. 2 and 4 (Palseontographical Society). 



