TLATE IX. 



Figs. 1, 1 a — 1 g — Asteractinella TUMIDA, Hinde, sp. nov. 

 Figs. 1, 1 a — \f. — Various forms of skeletal-spicules. Enlarged ten diameters. 

 Fig. 1 g. — A fragment of the skeleton of the Sponge, showing the irregular arrangement of the 

 large and smaller spicules. Enlarged twenty diameters. From the Lower Carboniferous, upper part 

 of the Lower Limestone series at Law Quarry, Dairy, Ayrshire. The original specimens in the 

 collections of Mr. J. Smith and Mr. Bennie. 



Figs. 2 2(i,2 b. — Tholiasterella ceassa, Hinde, sp. nov. 

 Figs. 2, 2 a. — Fragments of the skeleton of the Sponge, showing the arrangement of the spicules 

 and the partial welding of the rays of adjacent forms. Enlarged ten diameters. 



Fig. 2 b. — An " umbrella "-shaped spicule in which the rays are very inequally developed. The 

 vertical ray has been broken off. Enlarged ten diameters. From the Lower Carboniferous, lower part 

 of Lower Limestone series at Crawfield Quarry, Beith, Ayrshire. The original specimens in the 

 collection of Mr. John Young, F.Gr.S. 



Figs. 3, 3 a — 3 e. — Hindia fibrosa, Eoemer sp. 

 Fig. 3. — Portion of a longitudinal section, showing thespicular mesh, which has been replaced by 

 calcite. Enlarged sixty diameters. 



Fig. 3 a.- — Portion of a transverse section of the same specimen, showing the canals bounded by 

 the spicular mesh. From limestones of Ordovician Age at Craighead, Girvan, Ayrshire. 



Fig. 3 b. — Portion of a longitudinal section, showing the spicular mesh. The structure has been 

 replaced hy calcite, and the junction of the spicules with each other is only faintly shown. Enlarged 

 one hundred diameters. From Silurian strata at Dalhousie, New Brunswick. 



Figs. 3 c, 3 d, 3 e. — Three detached spicules of the Sponge. Enlarged eighty diameters. The 

 spicules retain their siliceous structure ; they are, however, much eroded by fossilization. From a 

 specimen from Dalhousie. The original examples are in my collection. 



Figs. 4, 4 a — 4 e. — Peronella sparsa, Hinde, sp. nov. 

 Figs. 4, 4 a — 4 c. — Detached three-rayed spicules referred to this species. Enlarged sixty 

 diameters. 



Figs. 4 d — 4 e. — Smaller four-rayed spicules. Enlarged sixty diameters. From Lower Carbo- 

 niferous at Woodend, Cowdens, Fife, Scotland. Collection of Mr. J. Bennie. 

 Figs. 5, 5 a, 5 b. — Reniera clavata, Hinde, sp. nov. 

 Detached skeletal-spicules. Enlarged sixty diameters. From the Chert Sponge-beds of the 

 Toredale series at Richmond, Yorkshire, and Henblas, Flintshire. My collection. 

 Figs. 6, 6 a, 6 b. — Reniera virga, Hinde, sp. nov. 

 Detached skeletal-spicules. Enlarged sixty diameters. From the Carboniferous Limestone at 

 Clitheroe, Lancashire, and from the Yoredale Sponge-beds at Richmond, Yorkshire. 

 Figs. 7, 7 a — 7 b. — Reniera gracilis, Hinde. 

 Detached skeletal-spicules. Enlarged sixty diameters. From the Sponge-beds of the Yoredale 

 series at Richmond, Yorkshire. My collection. 



Figs. 8, 8 a — 8 c. — Reniera Zitteli, ToUa. 

 Detached skeletal-spicules. Enlarged sixty diameters. From the Sponge-beds of the Yoredale 

 series at Halkin and Henblas, Flintshire. My collection. 



Fig. 9. — Reniera bacillum, Hinde, sp. nov. 

 Detached skeletal-spicules. Enlarged sixty diameters. From the Sponge-beds of the Yoredale 

 series at Trelogan, Flintshire. 



Fig. 10. — Axinella paxillus, Hinde, sp. nov. 

 A detached skeletal-spicule. Enlarged forty diameters. From the Carboniferous Limestone at 

 Clitheroe, Lancashire. 



Figs. 11, 11 a, 11 b. — Gteodites hastatus, Hinde, sp. nov. 

 Fig. 11. — A trifid zone-spicule. Enlarged forty diameters. 



Figs. 11 a, 11 b. — Two detached acerate spicules, similarly enlarged. From the Carboniferous 

 Limestone at Clitheroe, Lancashire. My collection. 



Figs. 12, 12 a — 12 e. — Geodites cornutus, Hinde, sp. nov. 

 Fig. 12.— A trifid zone-spicule. Enlarged forty diameters. 

 Fig. 12 a. — A trifid so-called anchor-spicule, similarly enlarged. 

 Figs. 12 b, 12 c. — Two acerate skeletal-spicules, similarly enlarged. 



Figs. 12 d, 12 c. — Two reniform spicules of the dermal layer of the Sponge. Enlarged sixty 

 diameters. From the Chert Sponge-beds of the Yoredale series at Richmond, Yorkshire, and Henblas 

 and Trelogan, Flintshire. My collection. 



Figs. 13, 13 a. — Flesh Spicules of Hexactinellid Sponges. 

 Fig. 13. — A detached flesh-spicule with spinous rays. Enlarged two hundred diameters. From 

 the Chert Sponge-beds of the Yoreilale series at Richmond, Yorkshire. 



Fig. 13 a. — An imperfect flesh-spicule. Enlarged one huudred diameters. From a boulder of 

 Carboniferous Chert in the Drift at York. My collection. 



