THE BRITISH FOSSIL BRACHIOPODA. 287 



quotes, with much eulogium, the 1016 edition of Colonna's work only and says that he 

 was the first naturalist who gave his attention to the Terebratulce ; also that the work 

 produced a deep impression among naturalists, and that what had. appeared remarkable 

 to him did so likewise to others. Hence it is that until later than the half of last century 

 there did not appear a single work on eonchology that did not allude to the Concha 

 anomia of Colonna. Martin Lister, of Oxford, who was possessed of an acute and just 

 appreciation, and who endeavoured to extricate shells from the confusion into which they 

 were involved, and who undertook to class them into families, of which several are still 

 maintained, did not forget in 1685 to allude to the labours of Colonna. 1 



In vol. ii, p. 29, of his work on ' British Conchology,' Dr. Gwyn Jeffreys says, while 

 treating of Anomia, " F. Colonna, the originator of this name, applied it to species of 

 Terebratula. About a century and a half afterwards Linne used it in the same sense, for 

 he described the animal as having two arms, and the shell as furnished with two bony 

 processess or radii, the deeper valve being often perforated at the base. But he included 

 in the genus many species which we now recognise as belonging to Anomia, thus 

 restricted and long custom has sanctioned the modern use of the word." In the 

 opinion of Forbes, Steenstrup, and Morse the plug of Anomia represents simply a 

 modified bissus. 



Anomia forms part of the Lamellibranchiata, whilst the Brachiopoda constitute an 

 independent class or order among the Invertebrates. But where it should be placed in 

 the series is still an undetermined or open question. 



The name Brachiopoda ((3pa^iwu, an arm; ttovq ttoSoc, a foot) was proposed for the 

 class by Cnvier in 1805, and used by Dumeril in 1809, and has since been very extensively 

 adopted. In 1824 Blainville proposed as a substitute for Cuvier's name that of "Pallio- 

 branchiata " {pallium, a mantle ; branchia, gills), on account of the respiratory system 

 being in his opinion combined with the mantle on which the vascular ramifications are 

 distributed. This term has also been adopted by Prof. W. King, who objected to the 

 name given by Cuvier, on the ground that it is a misnomer. The two variously curved 

 and cirrated brachial or labial appendages, improperly designated as arms or feet, 

 certainly do not appear to subserve the function of locomotive organs ; and, on the other 

 hand, the cirri or cilia of these oval appendages (and not the mantle) are regarded by 

 some as the real branchial apparatus, as in Polyzoa. 



1 ' Historia sive synopsis methodica Conchyliorum et Tubulorum.' This is a thick folio volume, and 

 its parts appeared at different periods. In the part for 1685 Rhynchonella psittacea is the only 

 Brachiopod described, and it is in the part for 1688 that the great bulk of his Brachiopoda are illustrated. 

 Lister's figures are not very good, but most of them recognisable. The same author issued a small 

 quarto volume in 16/8; and in 1823 Dillon published an index to Lister's folio work. See a very 

 interesting paper by E. Morse "On the Relations of Anomia," 'American Naturalist, vol. v, pp. 533 — 535, 

 1871. 



