THE BRITISH FOSSIL BRACHIOPODA. 319 



Of the animals of the extinct genera and species we can never know or learn more 

 than what may be seen on the interior surface of their valves ; still for all that, the 

 characters of some soft parts of their animal, such as of the mantle, the vascular and 

 ovarian spaces, muscles, and labial appendages may be traced and interpreted with every 

 degree of confidence ; and my continual efforts, during the progress of this Work, have 

 been to decipher, describe, and illustrate all those details observable in the fossil genera and 

 species. 



It would not be possible in this brief summary to do more than to refer to some of 

 the principal and more important results that have been attained, for to enter into full 

 anatomical details would demand long descriptions and elaborate illustrations which 

 would exceed the limits prescribed by the Palseontographical Society. The reader is 

 therefore referred for more ample details to the works of Cuvier, 1 R. Owen, 2 Quenstedt, 3 

 Vogt, 4 Huxley, 5 Gratiolet, 6 0. Schmidt, 7 Hancock, 8 Davidson, 9 Woodward, 10 J. 

 Steenstrup, 11 Semper, 12 MacCrady, 13 Hyatt, 14 MacDonald, 15 E. Deslongchamps, 16 Lacaze- 



1 "Memoire sur l'animal de la Lingule," 'Memoires du Museum,' vol. i, p. 69, pi. vi, 1802. 



2 " On the Anatomy of the Brachiopoda, and more especially of the Genera Terebratula and Orbicular 

 'Phil. Trans, of the Royal Society,' communicated November, 1833; "On the Anatomy of the Tere- 

 bratula," ' Davidson's Monograph,' Chapter I; 'British Fossil Brachiopoda,' 1853 ; " Lettre sur l'appareil 

 circulatoire chez les mollusques de la classe des Brachiopodes," 'Ann. des Sciences naturelles,' Paris, 

 3rd ser., 1853. 



3 "Ueber das Oeffnen und Schliessen der Brachiopoden," Wiegmann's ' Archiv,' vol. ii, pp. 220 — 222, 

 J 835. 



4 " Anatomie der Lingula anatina" ' Nouv. Mem. de la Soc. Helvetique des Sciences ' vol. vii, 1845. 



5 "Contributions to the Anatomy of the Brachiopoda," ' Proc. Royal Soc.,' vol. xiv, 2nd ser., p. 285, 

 1854. 



6 " Recherches sur l'anatomie de la Terebratule australe, pour servir a l'histoire des Brachiopodes," 

 ' Comptes Rendus,' p. 45, 1853 ; "Etudes anatomiques sur la Terebratule australe," ' Journ. de Conch.,' 

 October, 1857, p. 209 ; " Etudes anatomiques sur la Lingule anatina," ' Journ. de Conch.,' p. 49, 1860. 



7 "Die neuesten Untersuchungen iiber die Brachiopoden," von Owen, Carpenter, und Davidson, 

 mit einigen Zusatzen ; Zeitsclirift, 1854. 



8 "On the Organisation of the Brachiopoda," 'Proc. Roy. Soc.,' vol. viii, 1847 ; "On the Organisa- 

 tion of the Brachiopoda," ' Phil. Trans.,' vol. 148, 1858. 



9 Introduction to vol. i of ' British Fossil Brachiopoda,' Pal. Soc, 1853. 



10 'A Manual of the Mollusca,' p. 209, 1854. 



11 "Ora Anomias stilling tel Meislingerne og Terebratulern," ' Skandinavian Naturf. Forhandl.,' v, 61, 

 958, 1847, and ' Proc. of the Royal Danish Academy,' 1847. 



12 " On Lingula," ' Zeitsclirift fur Wissenschaftliche Zool.,' vol. ii, p. 100, 1859, and vol. xiv, 1864. 



13 Letter to Mr. W. Stimpson on Lingula pyramidala, ' Siliman's Am. Journ. of Science and Arts,' 

 vol. xxx, 2nd ser., 1860; "Notice on a Larval Brachiopod," 'Proc. of Elliot Soc. of Nat. Hist, of 

 Charleston, S. C.,' 1860. 



14 "Obs. on Polyzoa," ' Proc. of the Essex Institute,' Massachussets, vols, iv, v. 



15 " On the Physiology of the Pallial Sinuses of the Brachiopoda," ' Trans, of Linn. Soc.,' vol. xxiii, 

 1861. 



16 " Sur la fonction des spicules renferme's dans le Manteau de certaines Brachiopodes," December 

 1860, No. 1408, de ' l'lnstitut, Journal universel des sciences et des societes savantes en France et 9, 



