370 GENERAL SUMMARY TO 



Dr. Waagen divides the spiral-bearing Brachiopoda into the following three families, 

 seven sub-families, and genera : 



Sub-order Helicopegmata, sive Spiriferacea, Waagen {op. cit., p. 447). 



I. Family Atrypid^e, Dall, and in this he would include the genera Atrypa, Dalman, 

 and Ccelospira, Hall. 



In a sub-family he places Koninckina, Suess, Anoplotheca, Sandberger, and 

 Koninckella, Munier-Chalmas. For this sub-family, characterised by shelly spirals, 

 coiled up nearly in one plane, he proposes the name of Koninckinina. This I had 

 previously done in 1853, but he rejects from it the genera Thecospira, Zugmayer, and 

 Davidsonia, Bouchard. 



In another sub-family, Zygospirince, he would include Glassia, Dav., Zygospira, 

 Hall, and Anazyga, Dav. 



II. Family. — AthyriDjE, Phillips. 



1. Sub-family Meristellince, Waagen ; " the loop connecting the two spiral cones is of 

 a very characteristic shape, having at its upper forked extremity two ring-shaped processes, 

 and being altogether directed towards the apical part of the shell," a character pointed 

 out for the first time by Prof. J. Hall. 



2. Sub-family Athyrina, Waagen. This sub-family is characterised by a loop 

 directed towards the frontal part of the shell, but sending backwards towards the apex 

 a forked process, to which are frequently attached accessory lamellae ; it comprises 

 Athyris, M'Coy ; Kayseria, Dav. ; Whitjieldia, Dav. ; and Bijida, Dav., as well as a new 

 genus, Spirigerella, Waagen, type Sp. Derdyi. 



Dr. Waagen intimates that the internal arrangement of this genus, so far as it could 

 be ascertained, is to a certain extent identical with that of Athyris, but is distinguished by 

 its exceedingly large cardinal processes. 



III. Family — NucLEOspiRiDiE, Dav. 



1. Sub-family Betziina, Waagen. Dr. Waagen {op. cit., p. 486) includes in this 

 sub-family Nucleospira, Hall ; Betzia, King ; Meristina, Hall ; Ilindella, Dav. ; 

 ? Trematospira, Hall ; and Btwietria, Hall. 



2. Sub-family Bayina, Waagen. 



3. Sub-family Uncitina> Waagen. 



With respect to the genus Eumetria, Dr. Waagen enters into long details, and says 

 that it has been very imperfectly known, and it is not without much uncertainty that he 

 assigns the Salt-Range forms to Hall's genus. 



" The genus," he says (p. 487), " has never been properly described by Hall. The 

 name was introduced in 1863 in the ' Sixteenth Regents' Report of the New York 

 State Cabinet/ p. 59, for the shells of the type of Betzia serpentina, de Kon. ; but this 



