198 Major J. G. Barnard on Elongated Projectiles. | 
have laid down. For the highly elongated ball possesses ina 
proportional degree the tendency to pursue the direction in which 
its axis points: and the causes of deflection of the axis’ direction — 
being eliminated by a proper balancing about the centre of inertia 
of the forces of resistance, the tendency is to pursue the original — 
line of direction, in opposition to the downward curvature due — 
to gravity, and thus to flatten the trajectory and increase the | 
range. ae 
These conclusions are those of theory alone, but, if I mistake 
not, all the most recent advances in rifled arms have been in the 
direction which they indicate. The Swiss (Federal) rifle, one of 
the most perfect in Europe (see Lieut. Wilcox’s “ Rifles and Rifle 
Practice,” p. 187) has a calibre of but 0-41 (inch), and its ball, 
24 calibres in length, weighs but 257 grains, thus combining 
with the small calibre, the highly elongated form, and even then 
weighing Jess than our old spherical musket ball. Though is 
initial velocity is not given, yet as the greatest prop hs 
charge of powder is used with it, doubtless it also receives we 
confirmation of the principles I advance. ; 
Of small calibre and highly elongated,t he throws this pro- 
a disk not more than two inches in diameter ; and “ asserts that he 
. 
9 oe 
i iectile i ristic instance. 
The “ Armstrong” projectile is another characte ar che ait 
recent and successful efforts in obtaining range mercer 4 
the Whitworth and Armstrong projectiles. poe nS 
ob ie 
— principle to all arms; 2d, the elongation of the projet 
* Tnitial velocity is the v rst element in procuring range and one of the 
greater it is, cies think et Fst the flatter will be the re age ae jateral : 
princi pal elements of accuracy), and the flatter the trajecto h it may bare 
}S Mooere laterally. e extreme curvature of ie nasrge Ane po to accuracy of 
Jire, in modern rifled weapons. wad ein to 
A necessary evil with the heavy balls used; the pretence that it 1s, . 
advantage, is too absurd for controversy. i‘ length 24 calibres 
_ + According to Wilcox the mean calibre is about 0°46, and its ; : 
