248 Prof. J. M. Safford on Calceola found in Tennessee. 
Art. XXIII.—On the Species of Calceola found in Tennessee : Cu 
ceola Americana; by Prof. J. M. SAFFoRD. 2 
For many years it has been known that a species of Caleeola 
occurs in the marly and glade-forming limestones of Westert 
Tennessee. This species has been considered to be identical 
with the European @. sandalina of Lamarck, an error (for such 
I hold it to be) which has contributed much to the confusion — 
that has existed with reference to the age of the limestones mer” 
tioned. Individuals of the species are frequently found upon 
marly glades of Decatur, Perry, Wayne, and Hardin counties 
The identity of the species with C. sandalina (and a few other — 
determinations of the same kind) once taken for granted, 16 was 
an easy matter to designate the rocks of these glades “Devo 
nian. ae 
. Since my attention has been called particularly to this species 
I have regarded it as distinct, and now propose for It the name 
Culceola Americana. ee 
In the first place, its different geological position would, a : 
least, indicate a distinct species. It is without doubt an UP] 
Silurian fossil, and moreover belongs exclusively, 
observations have extended, to the Niagara Period.” The oy f 
marly limestones of the glades, although much alike litholog cd 
are generally easily separable, by their fossils, into two _ she 
lower one representing, in part, the Niagara Period, an thot 
other the Lower Helderberg. It is to the former OF 
our Calceola belongs. Among its associates are Orthis elegan a. 
Platyostoma Niagarensis, Caryocrinus ornatus, Eucalyptocres 
corus, &c. Halysites escharoides and Cladopera re 
been observed in a local coralline limestone resting ™. : 
bed containing the Calceola. ++ from C: a 
In the second place, the characters which separate it Tike the 
sandalina are well marked. In general form, 1t 38 much . 
European species, but differs in the following pare of the 
1. In @ sandalina the central cardinal process 0 
shallow linear 
is rounded and smooth along its summit; 1 
and larger than in the European species. bas 
P the New York reels 
the Oneida Conglomerate to the Niagara Group inclusive. . ong of the Amer 
these mens : 
‘inder are valy. The small valves are seldom found. sth both vale 
her fe 4 i I i entire wi / oy 
get cpa em. Of my European specimens, one is eons - 
