396 Effects of the Aurora on Telegraph Lines, 
9. Lifjects of the Aurora upon the Telegraph Lines of Switzerland; 
Jrom the Comptes Rendus, 'T’. XL1x, p. 662: Cine 
The intensity and direction of the currents excited in the — 
telegraph wires, during the aurora of September 2d, were deter- 
mined by M. Hipp, at Berne, by the deviation of a magnetic 
needle, surrounded by a wire, making thirty coils. The regular 
current employed in telegraphing should have a sufficient force 
to deflect this needle 30°. M. Hipp found that the short lines 
gave no indication of a current, while the most marked effec 
were indicated by the longest lines, and especially by those 
which were directed from north to south, as the line from Zt — 
rich to Berne, Fribourg and Lausanne. The current.on this ling 
directed from Zurich to Lausanne, would increase gradually, 
until the needle was deflected 42°. It would then slowly de 
cline, and at the end of two or three minutes become zero. li — 
would then change its direction, returning from Lausanne 0 — 
Zurich, and attain a maximum of 30 degrees. The latter cur 
rent, after continuing 60 or 90 seconds, became zero, and agall 
anged its direction, ea 
It appears from these observations that two currents 
ceeded each other on the telegraph wires, having a gener Cd : 
rection from north to south, the one proceeding from north? 
south having a double intensity and a double duration, theothet — 
ae from south to north having a less intensity and ales 
uration. 
M. Hipp obtained deviations of 58 degrees between Zurich and 
Berne, -and of 64 degrees between Berne and Basle, indicatil§ 
currents at least threefold the ordinary current employed 2 tele 
graphihg, , 
10, Lffects of the Aurora of Aug. 28th and 29th upon the Telegrap> — 
Lines of Tuscany, by M. tie Marumeodar, from the Annales 
Chimie et de Phys., Tom. Ly, p- 419. 
About 6 A. M., Aug. 29th, the disturbance became sensible | 
the telegraph lines. About 10 a. M, a current, which mate 
25 degrees on the galyanometer, and equal to about 30 fee _ 
elements of Daniell, traversed the upper wire of our telegrat ; 
lines, in the direction from Pisa to Florence. The current ree | 
increased, attained its maximum in about five minutes, an¢ of 
rapidly declined. These periods were renewed a great nue ; | 
mes, and, during the intervals, telegraphic communicatio effect a 
held in the usual manner. t — - 
upon our telegraph lines had ceased. vera 
During the disturbance, on all the lines where there are * 
wires stretched one above the other in the same vertical pla 
Strongest current was uniformly observed in the uP 
while in the wire nearest the earth, the current was ell@ 
8 P.M. the auro 
