Geology and Natural History. 143 
IL GroLoGgy AND NATURAL History. 
1. Geological Survey of Ohio. Report of Progress in 1870; 
by J. S. Newserry, Chief Geologist. Including Reports by E. 
B. Anprews, Epwarp Orron, J. H. Kurppart, Assistant Geolo- 
gists; T. G. Wormiry, Chemist; G. K. Girpert, M. C. Reap, 
rnry Newron, W. B. Porrer, Local Assistants. 568 pp. 8vo. 
to serve as its basis. 
Dr. Newberry mentions the interesting fact that the valleys of 
the streams of Ohio “are all cut far 
beds. The valley of the Beaver is excavated to a depth of over 
150 feet below the present water level. The trough of the Ohio 
is still deeper. The Tuscarawas at Dover is running 175 feet 
above its ancient The borings made for oil, along the 
streams of the region, afford many remarkable facts bearing on 
this subject.” 
The structure of the Lower Coal Measures in Northeastern 
Ohio is particularly described; and, in connection, he observes that 
the noted fish-bed of Linton is connected with the coal seam, 
which he numbers (counting from below) 6. The coal lies under 
the Mahoning sandstone, in the valley of Yellow Creek, and is 
the “Big Vein” of Salinville, Hammondsville, Linton, and New 
Lisbon, being 4 to 74 feet in thickness ; at the mouth of the Creek 
is seam is underlaid by four inches of cannel, and in this last 
are the remains of fishes and amphibians—twenty new species 
having been afforded by the bed. e fishes are mostly species 
of Celacanthus and Enrylepis, with one of Palwoniscus, two o 
Rhizodus, and many spines and teeth of sharks. Dr. Newberry 
observes, respecting the original condition of the place :— 
. “ All 
