Geology and Natural History. 219 
daries of this ancient land. Other facts will be adduced that 
bear upon this point in the description of the remaining forma- 
tions of the county. The date of the uplift of this island is approx- 
imately determined by the fact already quoted—as land at the 
westward is found in existence early in the history of Clinton 
time. This folding of the crust, then, that transformed a portion 
of the ancient sea-bottom into dry land, probably occurred about 
the close of Lower Silurian time, and it seems also safe to say that 
it not only marks the date, but furnishes the producing cause of 
the great change in the formation that then took place. 
Next follows a full Agricultural Report by John H. Kleppart, 
embracing observations on the meteorology of the State, and vari- 
ous matters of general interest. 
The Chemical Report by T. G. Wormley contains numerous 
analyses of the coals, iron-ores, fire-clays, limestones and soils of 
the State, a discussion of the yield of the coal in gas and coke, 
and of the character of these products; and all his results show 
the skillful chemist. We cite a few facts. 
The amount of moisture in the coals of the State varies from 1:10 
to 9°10 p. ¢, those of the southern part of the State containing the 
most, The coal loses less in weight at a temperature of 240° F, 
than at 212°F.; if, after heating at 212° F., it be exposed to a heat 
of 240°F., “it will generally increasé in weight, owing to the 
absorption of oxygen.” : Ape 
Two coals which at 212°F. lost 7°70 and 7:40 p. c. in weight, 
regained, on cooling, in 5 hours, 4°20 and 4:50 parts; and in 20 h., 
4°70 and 5-10 parts. 
e average of ash in 88 bituminous coals examined, south of 
the line of the Central Ohio Railroad, was 4°718 p. c., and in 64 
coals north of said line, 5-120 p. ¢. e mean average of ash in 
1] cannel coals was 12°827 p. ¢. 
ith regard to the sulphur in coal, Prof. Wormley says :— 
“Tn the report for last year, Prof. Andrews drew attention to 
showing that about 0-48 of the 0°57 parts of the sulphur present 
on. 
m the coal were in some other combination than with irc 
y ; er cent of sul- 
0-086 per cent of iron, which would require only abo 
Me sulphur, leaving about 0°90 parts of s 
n, 
