a 
440 W. A. Norton—Molecular and Cosmical Physics, 
Art. LX.—On Molecular and Cosmical Physics; by W. A. 
NorRTON. 
[Continued from page 340.] 
4. THE electric envelopes of the two molecules effectively at- 
tract each other at all distances greater than Oa, or thereabouts. 
Beyond Oc, or within the sphere of the outer repulsion, this 
effective attraction becomes very feeble, and the repulsion is 
chiefly heat-repulsion. 
It is assumed, throughout the investigation, that the value of 
r is the same for the receptive as for the active molecule; 
whereas it is undoubtedly greater ; but the only general result, 
worthy of note, that can follow from any error committed in — 
making this assumption is, that the intensity of the molecular 
heat-repulsion will be less, as compared with that of the effect- 
ive attraction exerted by the one envelope upon the other, and 
hence that the amount of derived heat-pulses required, in cop- 
eration with the natural heat-repulsion, to neutralize this attrac- 
tion, will be greater. 
points—thus increasing Oa, diminishing Oc, ac, and bm, and ? 
increasing dn. , af” 
6. The extraneous heat-impulses received have also a certain 
indirect effect. They urge each molecular envelope farther 
8 se 
from the central nucleus, and thus alter the ratio —; that 18, a 
certain portion of the living force of the heat-pulses 18 & 
pended in this act, to be afterward given out as the temper 
ture falls. The direct tendency of this recess of the envelope 
is to diminish the values of both n and m, since its aistam 
from both the center of attraction and center of a tee is 10- 
creased. But inasmuch, as we have seen (p. 337), that the ret 
center lies nearest the envelope, the proportional decrease Wilt 
be greater for m than for n, and thus the value of = should be 
augmented, and the curve of molecular action will tend ates ng. 
at all points, and expand—Oa diminishing, and Oc mer 
The curve then tends to fall from the direct action of the hee 
gai and rise from their indirect action in raising the some 
ar envelopes ; and the actual result should be the differ heat 
these two tendencies. We may accordingly expect that ne 
may In some instances augment the effective attraction of co 
