W. A. Norton—Molecular and Cosmical Physics. 441 
sion between molecules. It in reality has this effect upon iron 
and india-rubber, at ordinary temperatures, and upon water at 
temperatures below that of maximum density (39° F.). 
7. The distance of a molecular envelope from the atom with 
which it is associated may be increased by augmented attractive 
impulses exerted upon it from another molecule, as well as by 
repulsive heat-impulses taking effect from below. The effect of 
such recess of the envelope from the atom upon the molecular 
forces, and upon the curve of effective molecular action will, in 
general, be the same in either case. 
8. The effective attraction which the electric envelopes of two 
of bodies; also more expanded in the interior of bodies than at 
their surfaces. 
and also, when this recess is effected by heat-waves, because 0 
the momentary condensation of the ether that attends the reflec- 
tion of a portion of the wave-force from the central atom. e 
of the envelope that occurs in the gaseous condition, and at 
the surfaces of bodies, and the latter in the more expanded state 
that occurs within solids and liquids. i this idea we will 
i 
perature. ? 
should at the same time observe that the secondary tendency 1s 
reinforced by the direct repulsive action exerted by the heat- 
aed molecular condition in which a rise of temperature will 
attended with an augmentation of tenacity, and a peg 
