Botany. } 445 
an amplification of “the Rede Leeture,” delivered in the year 1860, be- 
fore the University of Cambridge, and as a popular exposition, sian an able 
geologist, of an interesting scientific erring not be disappoin 
On the other hand, those who take it,—as the title-page might lead 
them to do—either for an or gin npoesetiga upon the Origin and Suc- 
cession of Life on the Earth, or for a serious and sustained criticism of the 
oot ep pothesis which re Darwin has recently propounded, will 
y have their expectations satisfied. et, along with a large amount 
o 
e best point, as be strikes us, which Professor Phillips makes against 
Darwin is drawn from a comparison of fresh-water with marine sca, 
—the latter of numerous and waely diversified types, and of great change 
on the whole from age to age; the former of comparatively few types, 
and much alike all over the world and throughout geological time as far 
back as they can be traced. 
“Tf, in either of these cases, the Unionidae, the Paludinade, the Lim- 
nade, Planorbes, Physze, &ec., the modern forms are derived from the an- 
cient, we have the full fiends of the whole atution =e differentials 
of change are all integrated by time, and we behold the sum —how lit- 
tle! But if not so, if the modern and ancient species have sprung from 
different branches of a stem still older than either, how much stronger, 
ossible, is this decisive testimony against the doctrine of indefinite 
change through time and circumstance! Circumstances have varied, 
have away, and yet every generic group exhibits at every step the 
saine essential characters, and many of the little peculiarities, such as ero- 
ded beaks, plications on the surface, reflexions of the lip, carinations of 
the whorls, which cannot be consistent with accumulated tendencies to 
gk (p. 113). “The discovery of a land-shell allied to if not identi- 
with Pupa, in the interior a ge tree a in the coal-for- 
siakion of Nova Scotia,” (p. 116), is an anaiog 
To enforce the argument we — the ada we wonder 
Prof. Phillips has not adduced, and which we suppose may be safely ven- 
tured upon,—that flu viatile and terrestrial conditions must all along have 
