94 A. E. Verrill on Ascidians from New England. 



from all others from the American coast in the elevated tuber- 

 cles of the surface and the prominent, conical summit, between 

 the tubes. 



According to Moller the color is pale red, with red orifices. 



It is an Arctic species, not yet observed south of Labrador. 

 and the Banks of Newfoundland. From the latter locality I 

 have seen many fine specimens, collected by T. M. Cof&n and 

 J. P. Haskell, some of them 3 inches high and -75 in diameter, 



Cynthia carnea Verrill. Figures 7, 8, 9. 

 Ascidia carnea Agassiz, Proc. American Assoc, for Adv. Sci., ii, p. 159, 1850, (de- 



scription insufficient) ; Binney in Gould's Invertebrata of Mass., 2ud ed., p. 2d, 



PI. xxiv, figures 334, 335, 18t0, (young). . 

 f Oynthia gutta Stimpson, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., iv, p. 231, 1852, (young); 



Cynthia placmta (pars) Packard, Mem. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., L p. 217, 186J; 



When adult, this species is often two or three inches higb and 

 about an inch broad at the base, which is broadly adherent and 

 thin at the margin. 



The body is elongated, subconical, cylindrical, or urn-shaped 

 and swollen above the middle (fig. 7), according to the state ot 

 expansion, and very changeable in foiTa. The integumeiit is 

 rough, thick, firm, opaque, and reticulated with deep wrmkles, 

 which are very conspicuous in contraction, but less numerous 

 at the base, the interstices are raised and thickly covered witt 

 small granules. The tubes are terminal, subequal, divergent, 

 enlarged at the bases, moderately elongated,' Capering to W 

 tips, with small square apertures. The anal tube is generaJjI 

 the most bent, and a little the longest. In contraction the boay 

 is low, conical, or hemispherical, with the surface coarse ana 

 rough, conspicuously reticulated and granulated ; the tuoefc 

 form low, four-lobed vemicse, covered with rough graiiulou» 

 papillae ; the apertures are cross-shaped. 



The color, when living and expanded, is dark reddish brow. 

 or orange-brown, darker below, the wrinkles lighter than tne 

 interstices and often salmon-colored ; the upper 7. 



parts, especially the summit between the apertures, « ^ 

 are deep salmon. The apertures are orange-red or / \^/ 

 salmon-color within, and surrounded by a ring of / / 

 bright red. The ovaries were filled with deep red ( 

 eggs and embryos, and discharged the active tad- V 

 pole-shaped larvae early in September. | 



"When younger the form is quite different (fig. 8), a^g^^^ 

 and when contracted corresponds in part with j 



Packard's C. placenta.* In expansion, however, the cem^^ 



♦ By an examination of Dr. Packard's specimens I find that one of *^®^^j^tli 

 to a quite distinct species, having the surface minutely pnpillo^e and covere 

 closely adhering grains of sand. 



