96 A. E. Yerrill on Ascidians from New England. 



shelly,— Exp. 1870; Labrador, 10 to 40 fathoms —Packard : 

 Massachusetts Bay, — L. Agassiz, W. Stimpson. 



On the European coasts there are species that have similar 

 young, which have also received in several cases specific names. 

 Among these G. grossularia Van Ben., C. limacina Forbes and 

 Hanley, and the young of G. rustica as figured in the Zoologica 

 Danica (Tab. xv), may be mentioned, but I am not aware of 

 any European species corresponding to the adult state of this. 

 C. rustica seems, from the figures, to be the nearest allied spe- 

 cies, but has a contracted base, is more cylindrical or subgloh- 

 lar, the upper portion is more decidedly tuberculose, the aper- 

 tures are farther apart and less prominent, the inner tunic is 

 light red, yellowish below, and it is represented as attached to 

 seaweeds by root-like processes from the base. The young are 

 similar to those of G. carnea, but show no marginal expansion. 

 The original rmtica of Linn^ was an arctic species and perhaps 

 identical with this. I adopt the name, carnea, in preference to 

 the others, because it is more applicable, although when fiKt 

 given it was not accompanied by a recognizable description. 



Gyntkia echinata. 

 Ascidia echinata Linn., Syst. Nat., ed. xii, p. 1081, I'lGT, (now Forbes and Hanley).' 

 Ascidia echinata Pabr., Fauna Groenl., p. 331, 1780; Ratlike, Zoologica Danica, iv, 



p. 10, PI. cxxx, fig. i, 1806; Moller, Index Mollusc. Groen., in Kroyer-s Nat 



Cynthia echinata Stimpson, Invert, of Grand Menan. p 20, 1 854 ; Binney, op. cit. 

 p. 18, PI. xxiii, fig. 326. 



Body subglobular, attached by a small basal disk. Integu- 

 ment firm, opaque, more or less wrinkled, the interstices enclosed 

 by the wrinkles raised and lighter colored, the whole surface 

 covered with velvet-like, fine, soft fibers ; with numerous scat- 

 tered elevated tubercles, each bearing a stellate cluster of 6 to 

 9 radiating, yellowish bristles, or flexible spines. The tubes 

 are wide apart, terminal, small, subequal, a little elevated, botti 

 with small square apertures. 



The color of the body, when freed from the foreign matters 

 which are entangled and held firmly by the spines and fibers, 

 is usually deep salmon, often more or less tinged with pink or 

 flesh-color, and sometimes of a delicate flesh-color throughout. 

 The apertures are red, often bright red with a lighter red rmg: 

 the tubes frequently have eight alternate light and deep red 

 longitudinal stripes, extending from the edge to the base of the 



* Two or more ppecies have apparently been confounded under the name of 

 echinata, owing to the peculiar stellate bristles with which they are covered. "^ 

 Ascidia echinata of Forbes and Hanley (Brit. MoUusca, i, p. 35, PI. C, fig- *)> ""ij 

 rectly figured, is a true Ascidia, very different from the present species, but coye^ 

 with similar, though more distant, stellate bristles. It may be called. ■"'"^^ '., 

 priety, A. Forbesii. Tlie species described by Linnajus came from Iceland ana 

 probably the same as tliat here described. 



