G. King — Glaciers on Mountains of the Pacific Slope. 161 



observed, but neither mi 

 ent. Numerous stream; 

 the ice, but thej happen 

 present quite wide. 



One of the most interesting of all the features of the country 

 Wiis, however, the clearly defined moraines of the ancient and 

 more widely extended glacier system. Nearly the whoh^ topop- 

 raphy of the lower part of the cone is modified bv the <K>].osi- 

 tion of glacial material. At an elevation of about cipht thou- 

 sand feet upon the southern or snowless side of the iii.)iiiit:tin. 

 is a great plateau-like terrace, about twenty-five hiiii.htMl ,.r 

 three thousand feet wide, extending around ..ne hall of the 

 cone and composed wholly of moraine material Beside.- ih.'-. . 

 long, straight, or slightly curved medial luoi-aines jut Ironi t!ie 

 mountain in all directions, not unfrequentlv (h^seeuilin-- iutn tin- 

 valley for several miles. Our party spent'riix weeks in elimbiim 

 all over the cone, studying the systems of la " ^ ■ ^ 

 ^^3 sheets of material as ' 



canons of the snowless parts of the 

 detailed examination of tl 



posed upon ■ 



the glaciers, and a complete survey of 

 — -, — V. .^uv,, valleys about its base. A large nun}ber o'i alti- 

 tudes were determined, and the material gotten by my assistant, 

 ■Mr. F. A. Clark, for a topographical map of the mountai]i and 

 glaciers, on a scale of two inches to the mile, and with grade 

 curves of two hundred feet vertical intervals. When this map 

 IS completed, and the accurate form and dimensions of the gla- 

 ciers determined, it is my pui-pose to present a carefal account 



Mr. A. D. Wilson. The system . 



istmg and extinct glaciers of Hood, were worked out in the 

 same manner as I have done for Shasta, and the results will 

 torm a part of our Eeport. 



.-L-ater, Mr. S. F. Emmons, accompanied also by Mr. Wilson, 

 with very great difficulty pushed through the forest to Mt. 

 Gamier, and laid the foundation of a similar survey of that cone. 

 tils descriptions of the peak and its glaciers will form a most 

 interesting chapter of our work upon the volcanoes. 



1 he following letters addressed to me by Mr. Emmons and 

 -»lr. Hague contain an account of their glacier discoveries. 



To Clarence King, U. S. Geologist:— 



The glaciers of Mt Tachoma, or Rainier as it is more com- 

 monly called, form the principal sources of four important 

 nvers of Washington Territory, viz: the Cowlitz, which flows 



