166 a King— Glaciers on Mountains of the Pacific Slop. 



_ The study of the ^ , ^ 



ridges, was replete with important facts, ' ^__ .. 



mg upon the nature and laws that governed the volcanic oi 

 flows; but among the most interesting discoveries incident to 

 the tnp was the finding of existing glaciers upon the southern 

 slope of the mountain. 



The summit of Mount Hood exposes upon the east, north, 

 and northwest sides a bold, precipitous, jagged mass of rock, 

 which forms the outer wall of the old crater, encircling it for 

 three-fifths of the circumference. The remaining portion of 

 the wall is wanting, the other two-fifths presenting a compara- 

 slope down to the timber-covered ridges helow. 

 !r is nearly one-half a mile wide from east to west 



elye 

 rhe: 



The wall upon the inner side rises above the s^..,. „ 



ing the basin some 450 feet, while upon the outer side it falls 

 off abruptly for 2,000 feet. This rim of the crater is very nar- 

 row ; m many places the crest is not more than two feet wide. 



iliree distinct glaciers have their origin in this basin, each 

 the source of a stream of considerable size; the glaciers of the 

 ^^f'^e Sandy, and the Little Sandy rivers. 



1 he White river glacier heads on the eastern side of the cra- 

 ter, and extends in a southeasterly direction. It is nearly a 

 quarter of a mile wide at the head, and about two miles long, 

 extending 500 feet below the line of timber-growth upon the 

 sides of the mountain. 



Near the top of the crater a broad transverse crevasse cuts en- 

 tirely across the glacier. Freshly fallen snow overhangs in pro- 

 jecting banks, the perpendicular walls of ice, making it exceed- 

 ingly dangerous to approach. At one point only, the fissure 

 may be crossed bv an ice bridge. Further down the slope of 



the glacier transve 



^ crevasses are of frequent occurrence, r 



ng nearly parallel with each other; most of them l , 

 ever, quite narrow. One broad chasm presented clean, sharply 

 cut vertical sides, for neariy 200 feet in depth, of clear deep 

 oiue ice. Marginal crevasses, ice caves and caverns occur; 

 many of the latter are very beautiful and afford fine opportu- 

 glacTal ice ^^^^ ""^ ^^' laminated and veined structure of 

 wwP'°'^°^i^^ *^ phenomena attendant upon glaciers else- 

 mor^?n ""^^ be observed here. The terminal and later^ 

 Wl T ^^^^ °^^^^^d ^^d extensive. Medial moraine^. 

 GWill ' "" "^^^ ^PP^^^' b««a^«e tte glacier has no tributanes 

 teSc.^''''''^''^' ^^^'^^^ ^^"^^ ^^^ hoxxUem are quite cbarac- 

 While i^fX °^ .^"^^7 river is separated from that of the 

 theio!lT'i,Ll^^g^ ^^r« ridge, standing boldly up fo^ 



