MaRCH, 1922.] THE ORCHID 
REVIEW. 79 
material. Noel Bernard began his ‘studies on mycorrhiza in 1899, and 
followed them up in brilliant style. He isolated the fungus from the Orchid 
root and cultivated it on nutrient 
media. Some notes on fungus co- 
operation in Orchid roots were con- 
tributed to this journal by the present 
Editor in May, 1906 (vol. xiv., p. 154), 
and induced Bernard to send the ad- 
joining photograph, ‘‘showing the re- 
sults of my experiments in this subject ” 
(vol. xiv., p. 201). 
The culture tubes represented are 
ordinary glass tubes, closed by a plug 
of cotton-wool, and covered above this 
by a cap of tinfoil, so as to render 
impossible the entrance of moulds or 
other micro-organisms. These tubes 
were sterilised by heat before making 
the cultures. The left-hand tube 
contains seeds of an Oduntoglossum 
sown on the inclined surface of the 
nutritive jelly occupying the lower part 
of the tube. The seeds have simply 
turned green and swollen slightly, but 
have not otherwise developed. The 
second tube contains a similar jelly, but 
has been inoculated with fungus from 
the roots of an Odontoglossum. The 
fungus, which forms a delicate network 
on the surface, has infected the seeds, 
and germination is proceeding. The 
third tube shows a _ Phalznopsis 
seedling, resulting from a seed sown 
seven months previously ona piece of 
cotton wool, the lower part of which is 
immersed in the nutritive liquid. In 
the bulb part of this tube can be seen 
some of the fungus forming a whitish 
BERNARD'S CULTURE TUBES. 
mass. In rg0g Bernard published an important book on his researches, and 
in the same year appeared a comprehensive work by Burgeff entitled, 
Die Wurzelpilze der Orchideen. 
Returning to Capt. Ramsbottom’s article, it is stated that Bernard in 
