12 Geographical Distribution of Crustacea. 
9. TORBID ZONE SECTION. 
Species in the — Species in the Temper- 
"'orrid zone. ate and Frigid zones. 
Astacidea. 
Scyllaridz, except Arctus, 1240 9 
Palinuride, G. Panwlirus  . 12 ; 1 
Caridea. 
Atyins, 8 1 
Palamonidz. 
Alpheinzg, G. Alpheus, . 31 7 
Palaemoninz, G. Pontonia, 4 2 
Gdipus, 8 0 
Harpilius, D 0 
Anchistia, 3 0 
JPalemonella, 2 0 
Palemon, 32 19 (1 frigid). 
Hymenocera, 1 0 
Oplophorinz, " 3 1 
Pensidea, : 19 12 
XXII. Considering the Scyllaridze and Palinuride as the Ma- 
eroura highest in grade, this division of the Podophthalmia ap- 
pears at first to have its superior developments in the tropics. 
But it may still be questioned whether this 1s altogether true. 
' The Paliuuridae include two genera, one Pa/inurus, mainly a 
cold- water genus, the other Panulirus, a warm-water or 'l'orrid 
zone genus; and is the 'T'orrid zone genus the superior in rank, 
as should be the case, if the tropics are the most congeuial to the 
highest Macroural developments? — Palinurus has the outer an- 
tenuz nearly in contact at base, and the flagella of the inner 
antenna are, very short; Panulirus, the warm-water genus, has 
the outer antennz remote at base, and the flagella of the inner 
antennz very long. 'l'he genera are thus characterized by marks 
analogous to those that distinguish the higher and lower species 
among the Brachyura, or that exhibit the superiority of the 
Brachyura as a class over the Macroura ; and if such evidence is 
here to be rezarded, the cold- water genus, Palinurus, is the higher 
in rank. Moreover, the aspect of the Palinuri, the harder shell 
and more compact body, strike the eye at once as indicating their 
higher character. In size, they are not at all inferior; they even 
exceed the Panuliri in bulk if not in length. Among the Pa- 
linuri, one species is afforded by the warm seas of the West In- 
dies; but it is not half the size lineally, of the Lalendi?i of the 
Cape of Good Hope, or the vu/garis of the Mediterranean, both 
gigautie species, sometimes a foot and a half in length independ- 
ent of the antenna. 
'The Astacidze, the remaining family in the tribe Astacidea, is 
confined almost wholly to the colder waters, and the species are 
numerous. 
Among the Caridea, the Crangonidze certainly have the prece- 
denee. 'I'he fact that the first pair of legs have perfect hands, 
