Zoogeographical Investigations in Southern Greenland. 235 
Groenlandica”’, Orro Fasricius, was chaplain from 1768—74, and it 
may be taken for granted that a great number of the species mentioned 
by him were taken in Kvanefjord itself. It is interesting to note that 
two of the species brought home by the “Rink” expedition; viz.; Coron- 
ula diadema and Pycnogonum littorale, have not been recorded from 
Greenland throughout the 135 years which have elapsed since the publi- 
cation of Fasricius’ work in 1780. 
Classic in another sense are the waters of the Bredefjord system; 
they formed the centre of the old Norse settlement of Osterbygd. Erik 
the Red himself lived on the coast of Tunugdliarfik (Eriksfjord). 
The implements used were: dredge (fine and coarse), plankton-net, 
(silk), NansEn’s closing net, and ringtrawl. The method of operation 
was so contrived that hardly any layer of water from the bottom to 
surface could excape investigation, save for the greatest depths (> abt. 
800—900 m.), which unfortunately were found to exceed considerably 
what had been expected. The motor boat was only equipped for work 
at a maximum depth of 500 m. and we had therefore only 550 metres 
of wire on board for the water bottle and reversing thermometer, so that 
we were unable to measure temperature and salinity at depths beyond this. 
For the dredge, on the other hand, we had two lengths of wire, each 
1000 metres, the one length, however, being left on shore in reserve, 
as there was not room for both on board, nor was it expected that the 
boat would be capable of hauling the dredge at depths of more than 
500 m. In pomt of fact, however, as will be seen from the Report of 
the Expedition, we had frequently 900 metres of wire out; on one occasion 
even this did not suffice to reach bottom. 
Save in a very few instances, the entire catch made at each haul 
was preserved, the specimens discarded being for the most part of large 
and easily recognisable species, the occurrence of which was always 
duly noted in the Journal. The hauls were also, as a rule, of uniform 
duration (20 min.), at any rate as regards the ringtrawl, so that the 
material may to a certain extent be used for quantitative determination. 
A dredge made of stramin (the same material as that used for the 
bag of the ringtrawl) proved extremely useful inj shallow water (up to 
about 35 m.). The catch made with this implement in the algae belt 
was enormous. On being drawn in, the whole content was emptied 
out into several buckets of water, algae leaves and stones removed, 
these being, however, carefully rinsed so that no animal forms should 
be thrown away with them; leaves of algae with animals attached (e. g. 
Hydroidea) we of course always preserved. The content of a bucket 
was then filtered through a plankton-net, to drain off the water, and the 
residue placed in glass jars and covered with spirit. In this manner, 
the whole yield of a dredge haul can be dealt with in the course of half 
an hour, without losing any portion of the material. This explains the 
