234 K. STEPHENSEN. 
certain, though not altogether free inflow of Atlantic water, the true 
deep-water fauna of the Atlantic does not penetrate into the fjord. (The 
deepest station — St. 155 — showed a temperature of only 2,8° at 400 
m. while in Bredefjord, this figure is reached at a depth of only 200 m.). 
Kvanefjord. 
(Staieees) 
The mouth of Kvanefjord (Kuanersok) is situated a little to 
the south of Frederikshaab, at abt. 61°55’ N.; the fjord extending inland 
for some 25 miles in a north-easterly direction. It is from 3—4 miles 
across, and has four branches; one going almost due north, and forming 
the eastern boundary of the peninsula upon which Frederikshaab is 
built; at the base of this arm lies the rocky height of Istivigit (2035 ft.). 
The three remaining arms are situated right up at the base of the fjord; 
two end in glaciers, that of the third being extinct. 
The mouth of the fjord is full of small islets, and a little farther 
in lies Kvaneg, an island of some size. In contrast to Bredefjord, 
Kvanefjord is a water of the true fjord type, its sides being for the most 
part high and steep, resembling to a remarkable degree several of the 
fjords on the west coast of Norway. 
The greatest depth noted was at St. 18, where the dredge was 
out with 700 metres of wire without reaching bottom. 
There are two caplin stations, where the inhabitants of Frederiks- 
haab and Kvaneg move out at the beginning of June to fish for caplin 
(Mallotus arcticus), the fish bemg dried and preserved for winter use. 
Despite the belt of islands which bar the mouth of the fjord, the 
warm Atlantic water is nevertheless found to penetrate in, so that there 
must be in places at least, very deep portions between the islets at the 
mouth. This is indicated both by the results of hydrographical investi- 
gations and by measurements of depth; at St. 27, for instance, in the 
island belt itself, the NansEN-net was down to 300 m. without reaching 
bottom; St. 11 shows 290—320 m., St. 12 no less than 290—400 m. 
The depth is thus sufficient to permit inflow of Atlantic water 
(vide hydrography St. 17, mner side of Kvaneo; as already mentioned, 
the “Tjalfe’’ expedition records a temperature of 3,07° C. at a depth 
of 500 m. four miles from the glacier at the base of the fjord). And the 
figures moreover, do not differ very greatly from those at the mouth 
of Bredefjord. Evidently, however, the depth is yet not such as to 
allow free ingress to the true Atlantic fauna; at any rate, not a single 
true Atlantic form belonging to any of the groups here treated was found 
in the fjord. 
The fjords investigated are waters of classic fame. Kvanefjord 
lies, as stated above, close to Frederikshaab, where the author of “Fauna 
