Zoogeographical Investigations in Southern Greenland. 377 
4. Northern Stromfjord (67°27’/—68° N.) as the type of a West Greenland 
fjord with arctic bottom water. 
(Hydrographical conditions vide p. 365). 
As already mentioned several times in the foregoing, this fjord was 
investigated in 1911 by Dr. V. Norpmann, who took it as a type of 
the fjords with negative temperature at bottom. The Crustacea and 
Pyenogonida from these investigations were dealt with by the pre- 
sent writer in Meddel. om Gronl., vol. 51, 1913, p. 53—77; the Kchi- 
nodermata have not been treated in any special work, but were deter- 
mined by Dr. Tu. Mortensen and included in his survey of the Green- 
land Echinodermata in Meddel. om Gronl., vol. 23, 1913 (1914), p. 299 
—379, from which the list here given has been taken. 
In order to show the differences apparent in the deeper parts 
(> 200m.) of this arctic fjord, I append a list of the Crustacea and 
Pyenogonida taken at depths beyond this, (NorRDMaNN had no ring- 
trawl, and the Nansen-net was only employed at some few places, so 
that only a small amount of plankton was brought home, apart from 
the surface forms). 
Hyas coarctatus 
Eupagurus pubescens 
Spirontocaris spinus 
— Gaimardu 
Acanthozone cuspidata 
Parapleustes pulchellus 
Unciola leucopis 
Erichthonius megalops 
Eudorella emorginata 
Aristias tumidus 
Stegocephalus inflatus 
Acanthonotosoma serratum 
Podocerus latipes 
= pusillus 
Ianira Vilhelminae n. sp. 
Mesidotea Sabine 
Haploops setosa 
— tubicola 
Metopa pollexiana 
Melita dentata 
Balanus porcatus 
Herpyllobius arcticus 
Pseudopallene circularis 
True, this list contains no deep sea forms of true arctic character, 
but the species are boreo-arctic or purely arctic littoral forms (no At- 
lantic deep sea forms). There is this important difference between the 
arctic and the Atlantic species, that the latter are only found below a 
certain depth (abt. 200—300 m.) as the Atlantic water does not reach 
higher, whereas the arctic (or boreo-arctic) species are not nearly so 
dependent upon depth. Given a sutficiently low temperature, then even 
species which must be classed as deep sea forms may move up into com- 
paratively shallow water, even to abt. 5—10m. (vide my work on Dan- 
mark Exped. p. 504) whereas on the other hand, species essentially 
belonging to the littoral belt may go down to greater depths, (which 
last applies by the way, to the Echinodermata in a far higher degree 
than the Crustacea). 
