I 



OF DENISON UNIVERSITY. II 



either side, posteriorly, the cornua^ which each consists of one straight 

 shaft, .50 long, and a shorter fusiform segment. Between these the 

 urohyal extends backward as a support to the trachea. The atlas 

 and axis are fused together more or less fully. There is no neural 

 spine on the atlas, but its dorsal surface is perfectly plane. The axis, 

 or second cervical vertebra, has a well developed spine and posterior 

 zygapophyses and also a very large haemal spine, which curves back- 

 ward. The third cervical has a smaller neural spine and its poste- 

 rior zygapophyses project upward. Its haemal spine ( hypapophysis) 

 curves forward. There is a slight inferior lamella of its transverse 

 process. The fourth cervical introduces a new type, having a low 

 spine, nearly horizontal posterior zygapophyses, and elongated styloid 

 inferior lamellae. It has a smaller haemal spine. The following cer- 

 vicals have no neural or haemal spines, the posterior zygapophyses de- 

 cline, and the styloid appendages are very long. The thirteenth and 

 fourteenth (last) cervicals have pleur apophyses (ribs), those of the 

 former being mere rudiments, while those of the latter 'are large but 

 have no connection with the sternum. These vertebrae, in common 

 with the first of the dorsals, have strong haemal spines. They also 

 have the capitula process well developed to receive the head of the 

 rib. The transverse process has its normal tubercular facet to sus- 

 tain the tubercle of the rib. There are six dorsal vertebrce, which 

 are more or less firmly co-ossified. The transverse processes are 

 large and the spines of uniform size. The last dorsal is firmly united 

 with the following nine vertebrae, which form the vertebral framework 

 of the sacrum. Seven free vertebrae follow, forming the free caudal 

 series. Each of these has a strong transverse process and a more or 

 less perfect neural spine. Upon the last two there are also haemal 

 spines. The last bone or pygostyle is remarkable for the great devel- 

 opment of its neural spine. 



The sternum is normal for the group and is 1.20 inches long. The 

 keel is well- developed, being .50 high. The mid-xiphoid process is 

 .40 wide at the end. The lateral xiphoids are separated by an excis- 

 ion one half as wide and rather more than .40 deep. The transverse 

 sternal angle (that between the two sides of the body of the sternum,) 

 is sharp and considerable. The costal processes are strong, while the 

 coracoid grooves are .25 in width. The manubrium is particularly 

 large and is bifid. Each of the six ribs, as well as the last cervi- 

 cal rib, has a well developed uncinate process. 



