14 . BULLETIN OF THE LABORATORIES 



the malar pillar is much longer and the angle of the beak and 

 t?ie end of the tomia are forward from the orbit. The opening of the 

 nares is much larger and the lachrymo-nasal space is a very large tri- 

 angular opening. On this account the ascending process of the max- 

 illary is quite rsiender. As seen from above, the skull of Pipilo is 

 much narrower between the orbits and the facial portion of the skull 

 is easily distinguished from the cranial. The orbits are rather larger 

 and not nearly as well guarded. The lachrymal is of the same shape, 

 but lacks the long slender process directed backward, below. The 

 lachrymo-nasal foramen is small. The interorbital septum is very 

 poorly developed, two oblong foramina extending longitudinally leave 

 but a narrow bridge between them. The ethmoid is therefore greatly 

 reduced. The back of the skull is alike in both, but the opening of 

 the bullae is directed more forward. The palatal bones are quite sim- 

 ilar, but the posterior processes are not bifid. Two curved slender 

 rods, which seem at least partially ossified, pass from the palatal pro- 

 cesses of the maxillary to that part of the palatals farthest forward and 

 highest. The pterygoids are of the usual shape and are flattened an- 

 terioi;ly to shde over the sphenoids The quadrate is smaller and of 

 the same form, but has a rather longer orbital process, proportionally. 

 The quadrato-jugal has the same hamular process posteriorly as described 

 in the Grosbeak. The lower jaw is, like the upper, rather weak. 

 The various parts entering into each ramus are indicated by the pres- 

 ence of a large oval foramen separating the surangular, angular and 

 splenial, and the flange of the articular is large. The differences in 

 the shoulder and arm are slight and are such as might occur in species 

 of the same genus. The sacrum is relatively much stronger and the 

 spinous armature is greater, this corresponding to the greater demand 

 upon the muscles there finding origin. The foramina are of the same 

 number, but the lower one is more elongated to correspond to the 

 greater development of the pubic bone. The femur is of ordinary 

 form, but the tibiotarsal segment is greatly enlarged. The fibula is 

 quite well developed and is anchylosed with the tibia about one half 

 an inch from the head, for a short distance, but is free above and be- 

 low. The head of the tibia develops two huge processes and there 

 is a small patella. The condyles are very large. The " calcaneal" 

 process, strangely enough, is very small and poorly ossified. The 

 foot itself is not particularly enlarged. 



The form of the sternum is very closely alike in these birds ; in 



