﻿ELEPHAS ANTIQUUS— MILK MOLARS. 



11 



jaw. As far as data extend, the ridge formula of the first or ante-penultimate milk molar 

 agrees pretty closely in all known fossil and recent species ; the usual number in upper 

 teeth varying from four to five ridges, and in lower from four to six. The largest known 

 number occurs in the Asiatic and African Elephants and Mammoth. As will be seen by 

 comparison with other species recorded in the following table, this member of the series 

 in E. antiquus holds from two to three plates, exclusive of the fore and hind talon, in 

 upper molars, and three plates and two talons in the lower jaw ; but no doubt exceptions 

 will turn up, as variability is a marked feature in the dental morphology of the species. 



Table of Comparisons between the Ante-penultimate Milk Molars of Extinct and Recent 



Elephants. 





U. upper ; 

 L. lower. 



Plates ; talons x. 



Maximum length 

 and breadth of 



crown. 



Remarks. 





f 



u 



x2 x 



0-8 x 07 



No. 44,783, B. M., p. 9. 



Elephas antiquus... * 





u 



x3x 



0-9 x 07 



No. 21,654, B. M., pi. i, figs. 1, 1 a, 













p. 9. 





I 



L 



x3x 



07 x 0-4 



Right and left ; Victoria Cave, York- 













shire, pi. i, fig. 2, 2 a, p. 9. 





" 



U 



x 2 x 



05 x 04 



'Trans. Zool. Soc. Lond.,' vol. ix, 













pi. i, fig. 3, p. 11. 







U 



3 * 



0-4 x 0-32 



Ditto, vol. vi, pl.liii, fig. 2, p. 286. 



E. Mnaidriensis ... - 













L 



x3x 



06 x 0-4 



Ditto, vol. ix, pi. i, fig. 4, p. 12. 







L 



x 3 x 



55 x 0-3 



Ditto, vol. ix, pi. i, fig. 5, p. 11. 





r 



U 



x3 x 



0-9 x 0-6 



Busk, 'Trans. Z. S. L.,' vol. vi, table, 













p. 307. 







u 



x4 x 



9 X 0-68 





E. Africanus 1 - 

















L 



x2x 



0-8 x 0-6 









L 



x 4 x 



1-0 x 75 









U 



x 3 x 



0-9.i x 075 



Falconer, ' Pal. Mem.,' vol. ii, p. 1 10. 



E. meridionalis ... 

















L 



x3x 



07 x 



Ditto, p. 114. 



E. primigenius 





U 



4x 



0-8 x 07 



Busk, ' Trans. Z. S. L.,' vol. vi, table, 











p. 307. 



1 The rare instance in collections of the first or pre-ante-penultimate milk molar is shown in the 

 mandible of an African Elephant, No. 70S ' Osteological Catalogue,' B. M., where a functionally developed 

 first milk is seen on the left ramus in front of the ante-penultimate. The former is 6 x 0'4 inch in 

 breadth, with a rirlge formula of x 2 x, whilst the second milk holds the same number of ridges in a space 

 of 0-85x0-6. 



