﻿ELEPHAS ANTIQUUS— TRUE MOLARS. 



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Happisborough. All excepting the posterior talon ridge are worn, showing that it 

 belonged to an aged individual. The number of ridges seem to have not exceeded 18, or 

 x 16 x, in a little less than 10 inches. 



The entire upper molar just commencing wear, shown in the ' F. A. S.,' pi. xiv b, 

 fig. 16, is in the Norwich Museum. It represents the broad crown just commencing wear, 

 there being only three ridges invaded. This molar was supposed by Falconer at first to 

 belong to E. meridionalis, but the height of the ridges and their mode of arrangement 

 are antagonistic to this belief. It holds a? 18 a? in 11 inches. 1 



A palate specimen in the British Museum, No. 38,491 contains portions of the last 

 molars in situ. The jaw is from Peckham in Surrey, and affords evidence of the 

 preceding molar having been in wear at the same time. The above contains 15 ridges in 

 8-5 inches. The breadth across the jaws in front of the molars is 7*4 inches. The 

 space between the molars in front is 2*2 inches, at the middle 2*8 inches, and poste- 

 riorly 3" 2 inches. 



In Mr. Gunn's collection at Norwich there is a highly suggestive example of the two 

 entire upper molars in situ, No. 218. They are referred to by Falconer in his notes. 2 

 The specimen is from the Forest bed and has pebbles still adhering to the sides of the 

 teeth, which are intermediate between the broad and the narrow crown. Each molar 

 holds apparently a? 17 to x 18 a? in 9*3 inches, with a maximum breadth of 2*7 inches. 

 The pits of a fragment of the second molar are in front on the right side. The teeth are 

 broad in front, tapering steadily towards the posterior talon. There are twelve of the 

 anterior ridges in wear, and the front of the teeth converge, with an interspace of four 

 inches, and at the posterior talon, five and a half inches. The ridges are, as usual, high, 

 the fourteenth being seven and a half inches in height. 



In the same museum, from Overstrand, near Cromer, No. 306 of Mr. Gunn's 

 collection, is a left lower molar, holding 17 x. There is a loss of plates in front. It is 

 very characteristic of the members of A Variety. Here there is well-marked mesial 

 expansion, crimping, and aggregation of ridges. 



The molars in the mandible presented to the Norwich Museum by Mr. Windham 

 are referred to by Falconer. 3 The jaw was found near the jetty of Cromer. There is a 

 loss of a ridge or two in front, but 12 a? remain in a space of 11 inches. The breadth 

 of the crown at the middle is 3*4 inches. The teeth in this jaw furnish good examples 

 of the crowded ridges and broad crown of A Variety. I shall refer again to this jaw when 

 I come to consider the Mandible. 



No. 361 is in a left lower ramus, and belongs to the Gunn collection ; it is from the 

 upper portion of the Forest bed. The pits of the penultimate tooth are in front. t The 

 ultimate tooth is hidden in the jaw posteriorly, but its ridge formula can be made out to 

 be x 19 or else x 20 x. 



The above is a splendid example of the gigantic tooth of A Variety, and is about 11 



1 ' Pal. Mem.,' vol. i, p. 447 ; vol. ii, pp. 138 and 182. 2 Ibid., ii, p. 182. 3 Ibid., vol. ii, p. 188. 



