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BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



inches in length. 1 It contrasts with another in the Norwich Museum, showing the long, 

 narrow crown of B Variety, from the " Post-Glacial Lacustrine bed at Mundesley." This 

 molar is not entire, and furnishes 16 x, or 17^ ridges, in 102 inches. 



A magnificent specimen of a mandible, containing five plates of the penultimate and 

 two entire ultimate teeth, is preserved in the Museum of the Geological Society of London. 

 The characters of the jaw are very suggestive of the species, and will be described in 

 the sequel. The last molars have lost the posterior talon only, but its impression is quite 

 evident on the wall of the alveolus, so that the teeth yield a? 19 a? in 12 6 inches. The 

 worn crowns are broad, and display well-marked characters of the E. antiquus. They 

 give a maximum breadth of 3 inches. Unfortunately, the locality from whence the 

 specimen was derived is unknown, but no doubt British. It is referred to and figured 

 by Dr. Falconer. 2 



An intermediate condition of crown between the "broad" and "narrow" tooth is 

 well seen in No. B. M., from Ostend, Norfolk coast. It is of the upper jaw, and 

 remarkable for the excessive ridge formula as compared with the members of A Variety 

 generally. The tooth is almost perfect, and although ground down to the base in front, 

 gives satisfactory indications of having originally held 20 ridges, or a? 18 a?, in 12 inches. 

 The plates are relatively thicker than in the broad-crowned type, being on an average 

 - 8 inches in thickness. 



The crown and profile view, pi. xii d, figs. 5 and 5 a, ' Fauna A. Sivalensis,' shows a 

 variety of upper molar very like the preceding. Here there are clear indications of an 

 original ridge formula of x 17 x in a space of 115 inches. The specimen is in the 

 British Museum and numbered 40,989, " from Canterbury Museum." A similar 

 description of upper crown, from Grays, Essex, with thick plates, is seen in No. 602 of 

 the Museum of the Royal College of Surgeons. These correlate A and B Varieties. 



The long, narrow crown is always best observed in lower molars, of which there are 

 abundant examples in public and private collections. 



In the British Museum the following may be indicated in addition to the specimens 

 already described. 



No. 33,367, B. M., in a lower ramus, is from Happisborough. Here, evidently, 

 there were 20 ridges in 13 inches. Another ramus, No. 40,840, B. M., dredged also 

 on the East Coast, off Norfolk, holds a molar of this type, and evidently a? 17 a? in a 

 little over 11 inches. 



1 Since my attention was drawn to the broad-crowned variety, I am gratified to find that Mr. Gunn 

 has been familiar for the last twenty years with specimens of this description of molar, which in his MS. 

 Catalogue in the Norwich Museum he names the Leptodon giganteus ; and it may have been such-like 

 worn crowns that led Falconer to surmise what he designates " the pre-glacial variety of the Elephas 

 primigenius from the Norwich coast" ('Pal. Mem.,' vol. ii, p. 170). Of the characters of this tooth he 

 (Falconer) observes that they " diverge widely from the ordinary form of E. primigenius in the direction 

 of the Indian Elephant, but still maintain all the distinctive marks of true E. primigenius." 



2 'Pal. Mem.,' vol. ii, p. 185; and ' F. A. S.,' pi. xiii A, fig. 4. 



