﻿54 



BRITISH FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 



referred to at p. 38, is extremely suggestive. It has lost all the hind portions of both 

 rami posterior to the teeth, and the rostrum is injured and its dimensions indeterminable; 

 but the horizontal portion of the ramus is perfect, and presents the following characters : 

 — The diasteme is nearly vertical. The two mentary foramina are situated about midway 

 on the side of the diasteme. The upper aperture is distant about two inches from the margin. 

 The lower is on a line with the floor of the gutter, and about an inch from the border. 

 From the alveolar border in front of the teeth to the middle of the gutter is 5 inches. 

 Breadth of the latter at the middle is 3 inches. Length of gutter is 4 5 inches. 

 Height of the ramus in front of the molar and at the middle is 7 inches. 



There is a ramus of the right side containing portions of the penultimate and last true 

 molars in the collection made by Miss Gurney and presented to the Norwich Museum. 

 The teeth are very characteristic of the broad crown with aggregated ridges. Here the 

 large foramen is about 2| inches below the alveolar margin, and the mental holes are 

 within an inch of the free margin of the diasteme. 



Another lower jaw, No. 33,337, B. M., containing the last molars, already described 

 at p. 38, although not perfect, affords the following data : — A nearly perpendicular 

 diasteme. A small rostrum. An unusually large upper mental foramen, just below the 

 front of the tooth, and about 2'5 inches from the margin. A small foramen close to the 

 free border and about the middle of the diasteme. The latter is 5 inches in length. The 

 height of the jaw in front of the tooth is 7 inches ; at its middle 7" 5 inches. The length 

 of the gutter is 5 inches. 



A very perfect lower jaw, displaying all the characters just noticed and further data, 

 is seen in the specimen, in the Museum of the Geological Society, already noticed in 

 connection with its molars at p. 40. It contains a portion of the fifth, and almost the 

 entire sixth or ultimate true molar. The condyle, rostrum, and a portion of the lower 

 and inner wall of the alveoli are lost. The jaw is represented in pi. xiii a, fig. 4, of 

 the ' Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis,' and its dimensions are given by Falconer, 1 so I shall 

 only refer to the most characteristic features of the specimen. 



The diasteme and rostrum are precisely as in the last. There are two mentary 

 openings and one anterior dental foramen. The latter is large, but not so capacious as in 

 several of the foregoing. It is 4 5 inches from the free margin of the diasteme, and 

 3 inches below the alveolus. There is a small opening about half way up the diasteme 

 and about 1*5 inch from its border, and a third of large size near the rostrum, and about 

 2 inches under the symphysial canal. 



The dental canal is more gaping than in either the Asiatic or the African Elephant, 

 but the posterior border of the ascending ramus narrows towards the condyle as in the 

 African, whereas it is usually broad and rounded in the Asiatic and Mammoth. 



The bulging or greatest breadth of the ascending ramus near the base of the coronoid 

 process is common to the Asiatic and Mammoth. The same part in E. antiquus, 

 1 ' Pal. Mem.,' vol. i, p. 440. 



